Global Health Collaborative, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
BMC Psychiatry. 2021 Sep 18;21(1):457. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03464-z.
We aimed to describe the prevalence of PTSD symptoms and its associated factors in persons living with HIV (PLWH) in Uganda who engage in heavy alcohol use.
We analyzed baseline data from the Drinkers Intervention to Prevent Tuberculosis study which enrolls PLWH with latent tuberculosis who engage in heavy alcohol consumption. Using the primary care Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) screening scale from the DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5), probable PTSD was defined as reporting ≥3 of 5 assessed symptoms. We conducted the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption and assessed demographics, smoking, symptoms of depression, and spirituality/religiosity.
Of 421 participants enrolled from 2018 through 2020, the majority (68.2%) were male, median age was 40 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 32-47), and median AUDIT-C score was 6 [IQR: 4-8]. Half (50.1%) of the participants reported ever experiencing a traumatic event, and 20.7% reported ≥3 symptoms of PTSD. The most commonly reported PTSD symptoms in the past 1 month in the entire sample were avoidance (28.3%), nightmares (27.3%), and being constantly on guard (21.6%). In multivariable logistic regression analyses, level of alcohol use was not associated with probable PTSD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] for each AUDIT-C point: (1.02; 95% CI: 0.92-1.14; p = 0.69); however, lifetime smoking (AOR 1.89; 95% CI: 1.10-3.24) and reporting symptoms of depression (AOR 1.89; 95% CI: 1.04-3.44) were independently associated with probable PTSD.
A history of traumatic events and probable PTSD were frequently reported among persons who engage in heavy drinking, living with HIV in Uganda. Level of alcohol use was not associated with probable PTSD in this sample of PLWH with heavy alcohol use, however other behavioral and mental health factors were associated with probable PTSD. These data highlight the high prevalence of PTSD in this group, and the need for screening and interventions for PTSD and mental health problems.
我们旨在描述在乌干达，那些有重度饮酒行为且感染艾滋病毒（HIV）的人中，创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状的流行情况及其相关因素。
我们分析了 Drinkers Intervention to Prevent Tuberculosis 研究的基线数据，该研究招募了有潜伏性肺结核且有重度饮酒行为的 HIV 感染者。采用 DSM-5 中的初级保健 PTSD 筛查量表（PC-PTSD-5），报告≥5 项评估症状中的 3 项即可定义为可能患有 PTSD。我们还进行了酒精使用障碍识别测试-饮酒量评估，并记录了人口统计学特征、吸烟情况、抑郁症状和精神/宗教信仰。
2018 年至 2020 年期间，共有 421 名参与者入组，其中大多数（68.2%）为男性，中位年龄为 40 岁（四分位距[IQR]：32-47），中位 AUDIT-C 得分为 6 分（IQR：4-8）。半数（50.1%）的参与者报告曾经历过创伤性事件，20.7%的参与者报告了≥3 项 PTSD 症状。在整个样本中，过去 1 个月内最常见的 PTSD 症状是回避（28.3%）、做噩梦（27.3%）和持续警惕（21.6%）。在多变量逻辑回归分析中，酒精使用水平与可能患有 PTSD 无关（每增加一个 AUDIT-C 得分的校正优势比[OR]：（1.02；95%CI：0.92-1.14；p=0.69）；然而，终生吸烟（OR 1.89；95%CI：1.10-3.24）和出现抑郁症状（OR 1.89；95%CI：1.04-3.44）与可能患有 PTSD 独立相关。
在乌干达，有重度饮酒行为、感染 HIV 的人群中，经常报告有创伤性事件和可能患有 PTSD。在该样本中，酒精使用水平与可能患有 PTSD 无关，但其他行为和心理健康因素与可能患有 PTSD 相关。这些数据突显了该人群中 PTSD 的高患病率，需要对 PTSD 和心理健康问题进行筛查和干预。
