Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jan 20;805:150266. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150266. Epub 2021 Sep 10.
Potentially toxic element (PTE) pollution is widespread in road dust across China, and the effects of PTEs in road dust on health cannot be ignored. In this study, the concentrations of six PTEs (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni) in 4336 road dust samples from 58 cities in 31 provincial regions of China taken after 2000 were obtained from the literatures. Based on these data, the spatial distribution, pollution sources, and ecological and human health risks of PTEs in road dust were comprehensively assessed and the main pollution factors and areas of high risk were identified. The results revealed that PTE levels are generally higher in eastern cities than western cities in China. The key driving factors are socioeconomic factors, including those related to transportation, industry, and population, for which the contribution rates are 57.80%, 55.39% and 37.19%, respectively. PTEs in the road dust with high ecological risks are mainly distributed in the southeastern coastal areas and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. No obvious noncarcinogenic risk was found for PTEs in road dust, but Cd and Pb may have potential noncarcinogenic risk, mainly distributed in cities in western China. Therefore, regions and pollution sources contributing to Pb and Cd levels should be monitored. The control of PTE pollution in China is a priority for ecological and environmental protection.
道路灰尘中的潜在有毒元素（PTE）污染在中国广泛存在，道路灰尘中的 PTE 对健康的影响不容忽视。本研究从文献中获取了 2000 年后中国 31 个省级行政区 58 个城市的 4336 个道路灰尘样本中六种 PTE（Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn 和 Ni）的浓度数据。在此基础上，对道路灰尘中 PTE 的空间分布、污染源、生态和人体健康风险进行了综合评估，并确定了主要的污染因素和高风险区域。结果表明，中国东部城市的 PTE 水平普遍高于西部城市。关键驱动因素是与交通、工业和人口相关的社会经济因素，其贡献率分别为 57.80%、55.39%和 37.19%。具有高生态风险的道路灰尘中的 PTE 主要分布在东南沿海地区和京津冀地区。道路灰尘中的 PTE 未表现出明显的非致癌风险，但 Cd 和 Pb 可能具有潜在的非致癌风险，主要分布在中国西部城市。因此，应监测导致 Pb 和 Cd 水平升高的区域和污染源。控制中国的 PTE 污染是生态环境保护的优先事项。
