Patel Shivam, Ziai Kasra, Lighthall Jessyka G, Walen Scott G
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
Division of Facial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
Am J Otolaryngol. 2022 Jan-Feb;43(1):103233. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.103233. Epub 2021 Sep 15.
Acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) have been studied extensively in the literature and have gained popularity for various reconstructive and aesthetic purposes. ADMs are composed of a basement membrane and acellular dermal layer of collagen and provide a platform for mucosal epithelization and neovascularization. Combining dermal collagen and essential growth factors allows ADMs to support adequate wound healing and bolster soft-tissue repairs. These dermal matrices can be derived from human cadaveric donor skin (allogenic) or mammalian donor sources (xenogeneic). These dermal substitutes provide the benefit of reducing or eliminating the need for autologous tissue grafts and subsequently minimize donor site morbidity. Many ADMs are currently available in the market, each with variations in processing, manufacturing, storage, preparation, and use. The literature validating ADMs in the head and neck for both cosmetic and reconstructive purposes is evolving rapidly. This review aims to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of the principles of acellular dermal matrices (ADMs), the different types of ADMs, and evaluate common indications, techniques, and outcomes pertaining to select anatomic sites in the head and neck reconstruction.
脱细胞真皮基质（ADMs）在文献中已得到广泛研究，并因其各种重建和美容目的而受到欢迎。ADMs由基底膜和无细胞的胶原真皮层组成，为黏膜上皮化和新血管形成提供了一个平台。将真皮胶原蛋白与必需的生长因子相结合，使ADMs能够支持充分的伤口愈合并促进软组织修复。这些真皮基质可以来源于人类尸体供体皮肤（同种异体）或哺乳动物供体来源（异种异体）。这些真皮替代物的好处是减少或消除了对自体组织移植的需求，从而最大限度地降低了供体部位的发病率。目前市场上有许多ADMs，每种在加工、制造、储存、制备和使用方面都有所不同。在头颈部用于美容和重建目的的ADMs的相关文献正在迅速发展。本综述旨在提供关于脱细胞真皮基质（ADMs）原理、不同类型的ADMs的最新且全面的概述，并评估与头颈部重建中选定解剖部位相关的常见适应症、技术和结果。
