Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Australia; Australian Catholic University, Australia; Multiple Sclerosis Limited, Australia; School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Australia.
Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Australia; School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Australia.
J Sci Med Sport. 2022 Feb;25(2):146-154. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.08.015. Epub 2021 Aug 24.
Multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common chronic and progressive neurological condition of the central nervous system, affects 26,000 Australian adults. Exercise training has beneficial effects on MS-related impairments including reduced muscular strength, poor aerobic capacity and impaired mobility, and in consequence can improve quality of life. This Position Statement provides evidence-based recommendations for exercise prescription and delivery of exercise training for people with MS with mild to moderate disability.
Synthesis of published works within the field of exercise training in MS.
Exercise provides many benefits to people with MS. There is strong evidence that resistance and aerobic training, performed 2 to 3 times per week at a moderate intensity, are safe and can improve muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, balance, fatigue, functional capacity, mobility and quality of life in people with MS with mild to moderate disability (Expanded Disease Severity Scale (EDSS) ≤ 6.5). However, the evidence for those with severe disability (EDSS >6.5) is less clear. The effects of exercise on MS pathogenesis, central nervous structures and other outcomes such as depression and cognitive impairment, have not been adequately investigated. Effective exercise interventions to improve balance, joint contractures and reduce falls in people with MS are also urgently needed as well as investigations of long-term (≥1 year) effects of exercise training.
Resistance and aerobic training exercises are effective to alleviate some characteristic signs and symptoms in MS and should be supplemented by balance exercise to prevent falls. Exercise training programs should be prescribed and delivered by qualified exercise professionals. It is important to recognise and accommodate exercise-associated complications such as fatigue and heat sensitivity.
多发性硬化症（MS）是最常见的中枢神经系统慢性进行性疾病，影响了 26000 名澳大利亚成年人。运动训练对与 MS 相关的损伤有有益的影响，包括肌肉力量下降、有氧能力差和活动能力受损，因此可以提高生活质量。本立场声明为轻度至中度残疾的 MS 患者提供了运动处方和运动训练的循证建议。
对 MS 运动训练领域内的已发表作品进行综合分析。
运动为 MS 患者带来了许多益处。有强有力的证据表明，阻力和有氧运动训练，每周进行 2 到 3 次，中等强度，是安全的，可以改善肌肉力量、心肺功能、平衡、疲劳、功能能力、活动能力和生活质量，在轻度至中度残疾的 MS 患者中（扩展疾病严重程度量表（EDSS）≤6.5）。然而，对于严重残疾（EDSS>6.5）的患者，证据则不太明确。运动对 MS 发病机制、中枢神经系统结构和其他结果（如抑郁和认知障碍）的影响尚未得到充分研究。也迫切需要有效的运动干预措施来改善 MS 患者的平衡、关节挛缩和减少跌倒，以及对运动训练的长期（≥1 年）效果进行研究。
阻力和有氧运动训练有效缓解 MS 的一些特征性体征和症状，应辅以平衡运动以预防跌倒。运动训练方案应由合格的运动专业人员来制定和实施。重要的是要认识到并适应与运动相关的并发症，如疲劳和热敏感性。
