Wang Cong, Li Zhen, Wang Tan, Xu Xianbao, Zhang Xiaoshuan, Li Daoliang
National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Internet of Things in Agriculture China Agriculture University, Beijing, 100083 China.
Aquac Int. 2021;29(6):2681-2711. doi: 10.1007/s10499-021-00773-8. Epub 2021 Sep 13.
With the continuous expansion of aquaculture scale and density, contemporary aquaculture methods have been forced to overproduce resulting in the accelerated imbalance rate of water environment, the frequent occurrence of fish diseases, and the decline of aquatic product quality. Moreover, due to the fact that the average age profile of agricultural workers in many parts of the world are on the higher side, fishery production will face the dilemma of shortage of labor, and aquaculture methods are in urgent need of change. Modern information technology has gradually penetrated into various fields of agriculture, and the concept of intelligent fish farm has also begun to take shape. The intelligent fish farm tries to deal with the precise work of increasing oxygen, optimizing feeding, reducing disease incidences, and accurately harvesting through the idea of "replacing human with machine," so as to liberate the manpower completely and realize the green and sustainable aquaculture. This paper reviews the application of fishery intelligent equipment, IoT, edge computing, 5G, and artificial intelligence algorithms in modern aquaculture, and analyzes the existing problems and future development prospects. Meanwhile, based on different business requirements, the design frameworks for key functional modules in the construction of intelligent fish farm are proposed.
随着水产养殖规模和密度的不断扩大，当代水产养殖方式被迫过度生产，导致水环境失衡速度加快、鱼病频发以及水产品质量下降。此外，由于世界许多地区农业工人的平均年龄偏高，渔业生产将面临劳动力短缺的困境，水产养殖方式急需变革。现代信息技术已逐渐渗透到农业的各个领域，智能渔场的概念也已初步形成。智能渔场试图通过“以机器换人”的理念来处理增氧、优化投喂、减少疾病发生率和精确捕捞等精准工作，从而彻底解放人力，实现绿色可持续水产养殖。本文综述了渔业智能设备、物联网、边缘计算、5G和人工智能算法在现代水产养殖中的应用，并分析了存在的问题和未来发展前景。同时，基于不同的业务需求，提出了智能渔场建设中关键功能模块的设计框架。
