Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, JIIT Noida, Sector 62, Noida-201309, UP,India.
Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah,Saudi Arabia | Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2021 Dec 27;22(9):656-665. doi: 10.2174/1389203722666210920151810.
Peptides are small molecules composed of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. The targeted action of these peptides along with their magnificent ability to reach locations in the body that are complicated to access, is being considered of tremendous potential in disease modifying therapies. Synthetic as well as natural peptides like Carnosine are currently under research for the treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders (NDDs). Peptide based vaccines are currently under immense research for diseases like dementia. Toxicity of peptide-based drugs towards eukaryotic cells due to their increased haemolytic activity is of major concern and this is being tackled by introducing modifications into the peptide structure. Some crucial peptide inhibitors currently in use for neurodegenerative disorders include Aβ (16-20) KLVFF for Alzheimer's disease, NAPVSIPQ (NAP) for Parkinson's disease, towards eukaryotic cells Vasoactive Intestinal Peptides (VIP) for Huntington's disease, Polyglutamine Binding Peptide-1(QBP1) for Dentatorubral- pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA). Certain peptides are involved in inhibition of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition (MPT) that plays a prominent part in the materialization of neurodegenerative diseases, one such example of peptides being Ba-V which is obtained from Bothrops atrox snake venom. New therapeutic peptides are being identified using bioinformatics tools like High Throughput Screening (HTS). These tools are being used to explore the selectivity, stability, extent of immune response and toxic side effects of peptides. Apart from neurodegenerative diseases, the potential of bioactive peptides is also being tested against cancer, diabetes and microbes. This review focuses on the recent advances in peptide therapeutics and novel peptides discovered for the treatment of NDs.
肽是由氨基酸通过肽键连接而成的小分子。这些肽的靶向作用及其到达体内难以到达的部位的卓越能力，被认为在疾病修饰治疗中有巨大的潜力。目前，包括肌肽在内的合成肽和天然肽正在研究用于治疗神经退行性疾病 (NDDs)。基于肽的疫苗目前正在针对痴呆等疾病进行大量研究。由于其溶血活性增加，肽类药物对真核细胞的毒性是一个主要问题，正在通过对肽结构进行修饰来解决这个问题。目前用于神经退行性疾病的一些关键肽抑制剂包括用于阿尔茨海默病的 Aβ(16-20)KLVFF、用于帕金森病的 NAPVSIPQ(NAP)、用于亨廷顿病的血管活性肠肽(VIP)、用于齿状核红核苍白球路易体萎缩症 (DRPLA)的聚谷氨酰胺结合肽-1(QBP1)。某些肽参与抑制线粒体通透性转换 (MPT)，MPT 在神经退行性疾病的发生中起着重要作用，其中一个肽的例子是 Ba-V，它来自 Bothrops atrox 蛇毒。新的治疗性肽正在使用高通量筛选 (HTS) 等生物信息学工具进行鉴定。这些工具用于探索肽的选择性、稳定性、免疫反应程度和毒性副作用。除了神经退行性疾病，生物活性肽的潜力也在针对癌症、糖尿病和微生物进行测试。本综述重点介绍了肽治疗学的最新进展和发现用于治疗 NDs 的新型肽。
