ICAR-Crop Improvement Division, Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, U.P., 284003, India.
ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2021 Oct;167:912-920. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.012. Epub 2021 Sep 10.
Nitrogen serves as one of the primary components of major biomolecules and thus extends a significant contribution to crop growth and yield. But the inability of plants to utilize freely available atmospheric N makes the whole agricultural system dependent on chemical fertilizers, which incur significant input cost to supplement required quantities of nitrogen to crops. Only bacteria and archaea have been gifted with the power of drawing free N from air to convert them into NH, which is one of the two utilizable forms of nitrogen taken up by plants. Legumes, the only family of crops, can engage themselves in symbiotic nitrogen fixation where they establish a mutualistic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and in turn, can waive off the necessity of adding nitrogen fertilizers. Sincere effort, therefore, has been undertaken to incorporate this capability of nitrogen-fixation into non-legume crops, especially cereals which make up a vital portion in the food basket. Biotechnological interventions have also played important role in providing nitrogen fixing trait to non-legumes. This review takes up an effort to look into and accumulate all the important updates to date regarding nitrogen-fixing non-legumes with a special focus on cereals, which is one of the most important future goals in the field of science in the present era.
氮是主要生物分子的主要成分之一，因此对作物生长和产量有重要贡献。但是，植物无法利用自由存在的大气氮，这使得整个农业系统依赖于化肥，而化肥需要大量的投入来补充作物所需的氮量。只有细菌和古菌具有从空气中提取自由氮并将其转化为 NH 的能力，NH 是植物吸收的两种可用氮形式之一。豆科作物是唯一能够进行共生固氮的作物家族，它们与固氮细菌建立共生关系，从而可以免除添加氮肥的必要性。因此，人们真诚地努力将固氮能力纳入非豆科作物，特别是在粮食篮子中占重要部分的谷物。生物技术干预也在为非豆科作物提供固氮特性方面发挥了重要作用。本综述旨在收集和积累迄今为止关于非豆科固氮植物的所有重要更新，特别关注谷物，这是当今时代科学领域的一个重要未来目标。
