Grupo Eulen (Madrid), Calle del Valle de Tobalina, 56, 28021, Madrid, Spain; IMDEA Agua, Avda Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá, A-II km 33,0, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
IMDEA Agua, Avda Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Dec 15;300:113752. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113752. Epub 2021 Sep 20.
In times when environmental concerns are on the rise and the search of ways to reduce waste generation and to create a circular economy is booming, Nature Based Solutions (NBSs) play a very important role. Vegetation Filters (VFs) are a type of Land Application System (LAS) in which wastewater is used to irrigate a forestry plantation to treat the water and produce biomass. VFs show multiple benefits that render this technology a suitable solution for wastewater treatment, especially for scattered populations or isolated buildings that lack of connection to sewer systems. This review aims to provide a comprehensive state of the art of VF implementation, highlighting the do's and don'ts for a successful performance focusing on those factors that are essential to water treatment. Results show that VFs have a great treatment capacity when all involving factors are considered, and their efficiency tends to increase with time, as the VF develops and "gets older". Indeed, the presence of fine-textured soils, the selection of a proper vegetation species, the use of pre-treated wastewater and a water balance-based irrigation schedule alternating wetting and -drying cycles are all factors that help to achieve the best performance. However, it is necessary to design and follow a simple but rigorous operation and maintenance schedule to avoid system failure, which could lead to NO-N leaching towards groundwater.
在环境问题日益受到关注，寻求减少废物产生和创建循环经济的方法蓬勃发展的时代，基于自然的解决方案（NBS）发挥着非常重要的作用。植被过滤器（VF）是一种土地应用系统（LAS），其中废水用于灌溉造林地以处理水并生产生物质。VF 显示出多种益处，使这项技术成为废水处理的合适解决方案，特别是对于缺乏与污水系统连接的分散人口或孤立建筑物。本综述旨在提供 VF 实施的全面最新技术，重点介绍成功性能的注意事项和注意事项，重点关注对水处理至关重要的因素。结果表明，当考虑所有涉及的因素时，VF 具有很大的处理能力，并且随着 VF 的发展和“老化”，其效率趋于增加。实际上，细质地土壤的存在、适当植被物种的选择、预处理废水的使用以及基于水平衡的灌溉计划交替润湿和干燥循环，都是有助于实现最佳性能的因素。然而，有必要设计并遵循简单但严格的操作和维护计划，以避免系统故障，从而导致 NO-N 向地下水淋溶。
