Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt.
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2021 Sep 21;11(1):18772. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98206-2.
Tramadol is an opioid extensively used to treat moderate to severe pain; however, prolonged therapy is associated with several tissues damage. Chronic use of tramadol was linked to increased hospitalizations due to cardiovascular complications. Limited literature has described the effects of tramadol on the cardiovascular system, so we sought to investigate these actions and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Mice received tramadol hydrochloride (40 mg/kg body weight) orally for 4 successive weeks. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and cardiac toxicity were assessed. In addition, eNOS expression was evaluated. Our results demonstrated marked histopathological alteration in heart and aortic tissues after exposure to tramadol. Tramadol upregulated the expression of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in mice heart and aorta, whereas downregulated eNOS expression. Tramadol caused cardiac damage shown by the increase in LDH, Troponin I, and CK-MB activities in serum samples. Overall, these results highlight the risks of tramadol on the cardiovascular system.
曲马多是一种广泛用于治疗中重度疼痛的阿片类药物；然而，长期治疗会导致多种组织损伤。曲马多的慢性使用与心血管并发症导致的住院率增加有关。有限的文献描述了曲马多对心血管系统的影响，因此我们试图研究这些作用并阐明潜在的机制。小鼠连续 4 周口服盐酸曲马多（40mg/kg 体重）。评估氧化应激、炎症和心脏毒性。此外，还评估了 eNOS 表达。我们的结果表明，暴露于曲马多后，心脏和主动脉组织出现明显的组织病理学改变。曲马多上调了小鼠心脏和主动脉中氧化应激和炎症标志物的表达，同时下调了 eNOS 的表达。曲马多导致心脏损伤，血清样本中 LDH、肌钙蛋白 I 和 CK-MB 活性增加。总的来说，这些结果强调了曲马多对心血管系统的风险。
