Asadi Peyman, Mehravaran Ahmad, Soltanloo Nahid, Abastabar Mahdi, Akhtari Javad
Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
Curr Med Mycol. 2021 Mar;7(1):71-78. doi: 10.18502/cmm.7.1.6247.
Cutaneous fungal infections are the fourth most common health problem, which involves approximately one billion people worldwide. Drug delivery to the skin seems to be the best choice for superficial fungal infections. Topical formulations can release a sufficient amount of drug in therapeutical concentrations and permeate higher layers of the skin like the stratum corneum. As the outermost layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum prevents the drug from penetrating the skin. Liposomes, especially nanosized as topical drug delivery systems to the skin, can show various functions depending on their size, lipids and cholesterol components, the percent of ingredients, lamellarity, and surface charge. Nanoliposomes can increase permeation through the stratum corneum, decrease systemic effects with their localizing actions, and overcome many dermal drug delivery obstacles. Antifungal drugs, such as croconazole, econazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, terbinafine hydrochloride, tolnaftate, and miconazole entrapped in liposomes have indicated improved skin penetration and localizing effects. According to the literature review summarized in this paper, many studies have identified liposomes as a powerful carrier for topical antifungal drug delivery to the skin. However, a few studies introduced new generations of liposomes like ethosomes and transfersomes. This paper was conducted on almost all liposomal studies of antifungal drugs with dermal application.
皮肤真菌感染是第四大常见健康问题,全球约有10亿人受其影响。对于浅表真菌感染,药物经皮给药似乎是最佳选择。局部用制剂能够以治疗浓度释放足够量的药物,并渗透到皮肤的较高层,如角质层。角质层作为表皮的最外层,会阻止药物穿透皮肤。脂质体,尤其是纳米级脂质体作为皮肤局部给药系统,其功能会因其大小、脂质和胆固醇成分、成分百分比、片层结构及表面电荷的不同而各异。纳米脂质体可增加药物透过角质层的渗透率,通过局部作用降低全身效应,并克服许多经皮给药障碍。包裹于脂质体中的抗真菌药物,如克霉唑、益康唑、氟康唑、酮康唑、盐酸特比萘芬、托萘酯和咪康唑,已显示出改善的皮肤渗透和局部作用效果。根据本文所总结的文献综述,许多研究已确定脂质体是用于皮肤局部抗真菌药物递送的有效载体。然而,少数研究引入了新一代脂质体,如醇质体和传递体。本文几乎涵盖了所有抗真菌药物经皮应用的脂质体研究。
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