Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Medicina de La Conservación, Facultad Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; GEMA, Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide, 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile.
Instituto Tecnológico Del Salmón (INTESAL de SalmonChile), Av. Juan Soler Manfredini 41, Of. 1802, Puerto Montt, Chile.
Environ Res. 2022 Mar;204(Pt B):112042. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112042. Epub 2021 Sep 20.
In this study, the occurrence and diffusive air-water exchange of POPs in Panguipulli Lake (39°42'S-72°13'W), an oligotrophic lake located in northern Patagonia (Chile), were determined. Air and water samples were collected between March and August 2017 (autumn-winter) and analyzed for concentrations of OCPs (α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH and HCB) and PCBs (PCB-28,-52,-101,-118,-153,-158,-180) using gas chromatography coupled with an electron capture detector. The direction of air-water exchange direction was evaluated using a fugacity approach (ƒ ƒ), and net diffusive exchange fluxes (F, ng m d) were also estimated. Total ∑OCP levels in air ranged from 0.31 to 37 pg m, with a maximum for β-HCH, while ΣPCB levels ranged from 3.05 to 43 pg m. The most abundant congener was PCB-153, accounting for 60% of the total PCBs in air. Surface water ∑OCPs measured in this study ranged from 1.01 to 3.9 pg L, with γ-HCH predominating, while surface water ΣPCB levels ranged from 0.32 to 24 pg L, with PCB-101, PCB-118, and PCB-153 presenting the highest levels. Diffusive air-water exchanges of HCB, α-HCH, γ-HCH and PCBs in the form of volatilization from the lake to air predominated; in contrast, for β-HCH net deposition dominated during the sampling period. Estimates suggested faster microbial degradation in the dissolved phase compared to atmospheric degradation for all analyzed POPs. Overall, these results could indicate that the oligotrophic lakes of northern Patagonia act as a secondary source of atmospheric POPs, mainly PCBs and some OCPs. This study is a first attempt to understand the occurrence of POPs in air and water, as well as their dynamics in oligotrophic lakes in the southern hemisphere.
本研究旨在确定位于智利巴塔哥尼亚北部（39°42'S-72°13'W）贫营养潘古皮利湖（Panguipulli Lake）中持久性有机污染物（POPs）的发生和扩散空气-水交换情况。2017 年 3 月至 8 月（秋-冬）采集空气和水样，使用气相色谱法结合电子俘获检测器分析了有机氯农药（OCPs，α-HCH、β-HCH、γ-HCH 和 HCB）和多氯联苯（PCBs，PCB-28、-52、-101、-118、-153、-158、-180）的浓度。利用逸度方法（ƒ ƒ）评估了空气-水交换方向，还估算了净扩散交换通量（F，ng m d）。空气中总∑OCP 水平范围为 0.31 至 37 pg m，β-HCH 最高，而∑PCB 水平范围为 3.05 至 43 pg m。最丰富的同系物是 PCB-153，占空气中总 PCBs 的 60%。本研究中测量的地表水∑OCP 范围为 1.01 至 3.9 pg L，以 γ-HCH 为主，而地表水∑PCB 水平范围为 0.32 至 24 pg L，以 PCB-101、PCB-118 和 PCB-153 含量最高。HCB、α-HCH、γ-HCH 和以挥发形式从湖泊进入空气的 PCBs 在扩散空气-水交换中占主导地位；相反，在采样期间，β-HCH 表现出净沉积。对于所有分析的 POPs，估计表明溶解相中微生物降解的速度快于大气降解。总的来说，这些结果表明，巴塔哥尼亚北部的贫营养湖泊可能成为大气中持久性有机污染物的二次源，主要是多氯联苯和一些有机氯农药。本研究首次尝试了解南半球贫营养湖泊中空气和水中持久性有机污染物的存在及其动态。
