The Drug Resistance of and in Iran: A Review Article.

BACKGROUND

One of the main obstacles to malaria control in the world has been the emergence of resistance in to chloroquine and other anti-malarial drugs. This study aimed to review studies in Iran on resistance in and to drugs, and to reveal the mechanisms and molecular markers of resistance of these two species.

METHODS

The databases of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Magiran, and reputable Iranian journals were searched to find published studies on the resistance in and to antimalarial drugs in Iran.

RESULTS

There is a significant relationship between resistance to chloroquine in and the emergence of K76T mutation in the chloroquine-resistance transporter gene in Iran. Resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in is also significantly associated with the development of mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase genes. Resistance to chloroquine in has not been reported in Iran and it is used as a first-line treatment for malaria.

CONCLUSION

has become resistant to chloroquine in different regions of Iran and is not currently used to treat malaria Besides, cases have emerged of resistance to SP in different parts of southern Iran, and SP is not administered alone for treating .