National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt.
Department of Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing, Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan.
Water Sci Technol. 2021 Sep;84(6):1509-1517. doi: 10.2166/wst.2021.327.
Currently, different sources of contamination threaten water quality in Damietta, Egypt. The aim of this study was to assess the pollution, hydrogeochemistry and suitability for use in agriculture of water collected atseven stations along the Damietta branch of the Nile River. In addition to pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and electrical conductivity (EC), levels of Mg, Ca, K, Na, Cl, HCO, SO and CO were measured. From the highest to the lowest, the concentrations of cations were Na > Ca > Mg > K, whereas those of anions were HCO > SO > Cl in water samples collected at seven stations along the Damietta branch. Moreover, water quality indexes, such as sodium percentage (Na%) ranged between 21.6 and 71.4, Kelly's ratio from 0.37 to 3.85, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) varied from 1.73 to 61.8, residual sodium carbonate (RSC) found to be in range of 0.2 to 3.8. Also, the potential salinity (PS) and permeability index (PI), magnesium hazard (MH), were calculated. Most samples (71%) belonged to the Mg-Ca-Na-HCO watertype. Fertilization wastes were identified as the main contributors of alkaline earth metals, whereas ion exchange was the main source of alkali metals. This work also provides information on distinguishing geochemical behaviors and the pollution of water samples.
目前，不同的污染源威胁着埃及达米埃塔的水质。本研究的目的是评估尼罗河达米埃塔支流沿线七个站点采集的水样的污染、水文地球化学特征以及农业用途的适宜性。除 pH 值、温度、溶解氧 (DO) 和电导率 (EC) 外，还测量了 Mg、Ca、K、Na、Cl、HCO、SO 和 CO 的含量。在所采集的七个站点的水样中，阳离子浓度从高到低依次为 Na > Ca > Mg > K，阴离子浓度从高到低依次为 HCO > SO > Cl。此外，水质量指数，如钠百分比 (Na%) 介于 21.6 到 71.4 之间，凯利比 (Kelly's ratio) 介于 0.37 到 3.85 之间，钠吸附比 (SAR) 介于 1.73 到 61.8 之间，残余碳酸钠 (RSC) 在 0.2 到 3.8 之间。同时，还计算了潜在盐度 (PS) 和渗透率指数 (PI)、镁危害 (MH)。大多数水样 (71%) 属于 Mg-Ca-Na-HCO 水类型。施肥废物被确定为碱土金属的主要来源，而离子交换是碱金属的主要来源。这项工作还提供了有关区分地球化学行为和水样污染的信息。
