William Rainey Harper Professor in Organismal Biology and Anatomy and The College, Dept. of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, 1027 E 57(th) St, Chicago IL 60637 USA.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2021 Dec;71:37-43. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2021.08.009. Epub 2021 Sep 22.
The function of the hands is inextricably linked to cutaneous mechanosensation, both in touch and in how hand movement and posture (proprioception) are controlled. The structure and behavior of hands and distal forelimbs of other vertebrates have been evolutionarily shaped by these mechanosensory functions. The distal forelimb of tetrapod vertebrates is homologous to the pectoral fin rays and membrane of fishes. Fish fins demonstrate similar mechanosensory abilities to hands and other distal tetrapod forelimbs in touch and proprioception. These results indicate that vertebrates were using the core mechanosensory inputs, such as fast adapting and slow adapting nerve responses, to inform fin and limb function and behavior before their diversification in fish and tetrapod lineages.
手的功能与皮肤机械感觉密不可分，无论是在触摸还是在手的运动和姿势（本体感觉）控制方面。手和其他脊椎动物的远端前肢的结构和行为是由这些机械感觉功能进化而来的。四足脊椎动物的远端前肢与鱼类的胸鳍鳍条和膜同源。鱼类的鳍在触摸和本体感觉方面表现出与手和其他四足动物前肢相似的机械感觉能力。这些结果表明，脊椎动物在鱼类和四足动物谱系多样化之前，就已经利用核心机械感觉输入（如快速适应和缓慢适应神经反应）来为鳍和肢体的功能和行为提供信息。
