Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Schizophr Res. 2021 Dec;238:20-26. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.09.013. Epub 2021 Sep 23.
Need for closure (NFC) is a cognitive bias that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of delusions. A general population sample (N = 1465) was dichotomized into high versus low schizotypal participants and matched based on core social demographic characteristics (each n = 98). For the first time, we aimed at capturing NFC subjectively (with the NFC Scale) and objectively with a new experimental paradigm, the Ambiguous Movie Scene Task. In this task, participants viewed video scenes with either open or closed endings (i.e., high or low ambiguity) and rated their (emotional) reactions to the clips. Open endings were expected to lead to more frustration (i.e., due to increased need for closure) and to induce greater eagerness to learn about the possible resolution among those high on positive schizotypy. High schizotypal individuals displayed higher scores on the NFC Scale than low schizotypal individuals. Contrary to our expectations, high schizotypal participants did not recognize video scenes with open endings as ambiguous and were less eager to learn about a possible resolution than low schizotypal individuals. In the Ambiguous Movie Scene Task, high schizotypal individuals showed evidence of a jumping to conclusions bias rather than frustration over unresolved storylines. We found an overall stronger emotional response in schizotypal participants and overconfidence in their judgments. The NFC Scale and selected scores of the new task correlated moderately. The study corroborates earlier evidence for a dissociation between objective and subjective biases in the psychosis spectrum.
需要封闭（NFC）是一种认知偏差，已被牵连到妄想症的发病机制中。一个普通人群样本（N=1465）被分为高和低精神分裂型参与者，并根据核心社会人口统计学特征进行匹配（每组 n=98）。我们首次旨在主观地（使用 NFC 量表）和客观地（使用新的实验范式，即模棱两可的电影场景任务）捕捉 NFC。在这个任务中，参与者观看具有开放或封闭结尾（即高或低歧义）的视频场景，并对他们对剪辑的（情感）反应进行评分。开放的结尾预计会导致更多的挫折感（即由于对封闭的需求增加），并在积极精神分裂症较高的人中引起更大的学习可能解决办法的渴望。高精神分裂型个体的 NFC 量表得分高于低精神分裂型个体。与我们的预期相反，高精神分裂型参与者并没有将具有开放结尾的视频场景识别为模棱两可，并且不像低精神分裂型参与者那样渴望了解可能的解决方案。在模棱两可的电影场景任务中，高精神分裂型个体表现出跳跃式结论偏见的证据，而不是对未解决的故事情节感到沮丧。我们发现精神分裂症患者的整体情绪反应更强，对自己的判断更有信心。NFC 量表和新任务的选定分数中等相关。该研究证实了精神分裂症谱系中客观和主观偏见之间存在分离的早期证据。
