Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, 272000 Jining, Shandong, China.
Department of Clinical & Translational Medicine, Jining Life Science Center, 272000 Jining, Shandong, China.
Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2021 Sep 24;22(3):769-777. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm2203083.
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) helps to regulate cardiovascular function, the maintenance of electrolyte and fluid balance, and blood pressure. The RAS contains two axes; the angiotensin-converting enzyme/angiotensin II/Ang II type 1 receptors (ACE/Ang II/AT) classic axis, which has a role in regulating blood pressure, vascular oxidative stress, coagulation, and cellular proliferation. The other is the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptors (ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas) axis, which can inhibit the former axis, improve fat metabolism, reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, and enhance glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis is found in blood vessels, kidneys, liver, pancreas and the brain. It can protect the body from abnormalities in glucose metabolism. The ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis can enhance glucose tolerance and improve insulin sensitivity by protecting pancreatic β cells, increasing insulin secretion, improving glucose metabolism in adipose tissue, enhancing glucose uptake by skeletal muscle, and inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis. This article reviews the main characteristics and functions of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis and its regulation of glucose metabolism in order to demonstrate its potential as a target for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes.
肾素-血管紧张素系统（RAS）有助于调节心血管功能、电解质和液体平衡以及血压。RAS 包含两个轴；血管紧张素转换酶/血管紧张素 II/血管紧张素 II 型 1 受体（ACE/Ang II/AT）经典轴，其在调节血压、血管氧化应激、凝血和细胞增殖方面发挥作用。另一个是血管紧张素转换酶 2/血管紧张素-(1-7)/Mas 受体（ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas）轴，它可以抑制前轴，改善脂肪代谢，减少炎症和氧化应激，增强葡萄糖耐量和胰岛素敏感性。ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas 轴存在于血管、肾脏、肝脏、胰腺和大脑中。它可以保护身体免受葡萄糖代谢异常的影响。ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas 轴通过保护胰岛β细胞、增加胰岛素分泌、改善脂肪组织的葡萄糖代谢、增强骨骼肌对葡萄糖的摄取以及抑制肝糖异生来增强葡萄糖耐量并提高胰岛素敏感性。本文综述了 ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas 轴的主要特征和功能及其对葡萄糖代谢的调节作用，以证明其作为治疗糖尿病等代谢性疾病的靶点的潜力。
