Departamento de Seguimiento Pediátrico, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Dr. Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes. Mexico City, Mexico.
Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Cognitiva, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación. Mexico City, Mexico.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex. 2021;78(5):395-403. doi: 10.24875/BMHIM.20000311.
Offspring of mothers with diabetes mellitus (DM) during pregnancy may be at high risk for developmental alterations. This study aimed to identify the effects of maternal pre- and gestational diabetes on the body mass index of infants and children at two, four, six, and eight years of age.
We studied children of mothers with type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes and a control group. Maternal and neonatal variables were analyzed for associations with children overweight/obesity.
Mothers with DM were older than controls (32 ± 6 vs. 22 ± 6 years, p < 0.001). The frequency of preeclampsia in mothers with DM was 28%. Gestational age and weight at birth were lower in infants from the groups of mothers with DM in comparison with controls (32.8 ± 3.1 vs. 36.4 ± 2.2 weeks, p < 0.001, and 1,637 ± 600 vs. 2,208 ± 518 g, p < 0.001, respectively). At 8 years of age, 47% of the offspring of mothers with DM type 2 had overweight/obesity (odds ratio (OR 8.25) 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-51, p = 0.01), while 27% of offspring of mothers with type 1 DM had overweight/obesity, and 10% of offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes presented overweight/obesity.
Offspring of pre-gestational DM mothers have a higher risk to develop overweight/obesity, as was observed with follow-up until school age, for which they require continuous vigilance.
患有糖尿病的母亲所生育的后代在发育过程中可能面临较高的风险。本研究旨在确定母亲在妊娠前和妊娠期患糖尿病对婴儿和儿童在 2 岁、4 岁、6 岁和 8 岁时的体重指数的影响。
我们研究了患有 1 型、2 型糖尿病和妊娠期糖尿病的母亲的子女以及对照组的儿童。分析了母婴变量与儿童超重/肥胖的相关性。
患有糖尿病的母亲年龄大于对照组（32 ± 6 岁 vs. 22 ± 6 岁，p < 0.001）。患有糖尿病的母亲中先兆子痫的发生率为 28%。患有糖尿病的母亲所生婴儿的胎龄和出生体重均低于对照组（32.8 ± 3.1 周 vs. 36.4 ± 2.2 周，p < 0.001，1637 ± 600 g vs. 2208 ± 518 g，p < 0.001）。在 8 岁时，2 型糖尿病母亲的子女中有 47%超重/肥胖（优势比 8.25，95%置信区间 1.3-51，p = 0.01），1 型糖尿病母亲的子女中有 27%超重/肥胖，而妊娠期糖尿病母亲的子女中有 10%超重/肥胖。
患有妊娠期前糖尿病的母亲的后代超重/肥胖的风险更高，这一现象一直持续到学龄期，需要持续关注。
