Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy.
Cells. 2021 Sep 8;10(9):2361. doi: 10.3390/cells10092361.
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are broadly considered immature, multipotent, tumorigenic cells within the tumor mass, endowed with the ability to self-renew and escape immune control. All these features contribute to place CSCs at the pinnacle of tumor aggressiveness and (immune) therapy resistance. The immune privileged status of CSCs is induced and preserved by various mechanisms that directly affect them (e.g., the downregulation of the major histocompatibility complex class I) and indirectly are induced in the host immune cells (e.g., activation of immune suppressive cells). Therefore, deeper insights into the immuno-biology of CSCs are essential in our pursuit to find new therapeutic opportunities that eradicate cancer (stem) cells. Here, we review and discuss the ability of CSCs to evade the innate and adaptive immune system, as we offer a view of the immunotherapeutic strategies adopted to potentiate and address specific subsets of (engineered) immune cells against CSCs.
癌症干细胞（CSC）被广泛认为是肿瘤组织内不成熟的、多能的、致瘤性细胞，具有自我更新和逃避免疫控制的能力。所有这些特征都使得 CSC 成为肿瘤侵袭性和（免疫）治疗抵抗的顶点。CSC 的免疫特权状态是由多种机制诱导和维持的，这些机制直接影响 CSC（例如，主要组织相容性复合体 I 类的下调），并在宿主免疫细胞中间接诱导（例如，免疫抑制细胞的激活）。因此，深入了解 CSC 的免疫生物学对于我们寻找新的治疗机会以根除癌症（干）细胞至关重要。在这里，我们回顾和讨论了 CSC 逃避先天和适应性免疫系统的能力，同时我们还提出了一种观点，即采用免疫治疗策略来增强和针对 CSC 的特定（工程）免疫细胞亚群。
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