Bottino Francesca, Lucignani Martina, Napolitano Antonio, Dellepiane Francesco, Visconti Emiliano, Rossi Espagnet Maria Camilla, Pasquini Luca
Medical Physics Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy.
Neuroradiology Unit, NESMOS Department, Sant'Andrea Hospital, La Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Sep 1;10(9):1407. doi: 10.3390/antiox10091407.
Glutathione (GSH) is an important antioxidant implicated in several physiological functions, including the oxidation-reduction reaction balance and brain antioxidant defense against endogenous and exogenous toxic agents. Altered brain GSH levels may reflect inflammatory processes associated with several neurologic disorders. An accurate and reliable estimation of cerebral GSH concentrations could give a clear and thorough understanding of its metabolism within the brain, thus providing a valuable benchmark for clinical applications. In this context, we aimed to provide an overview of the different magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) technologies introduced for in vivo human brain GSH quantification both in healthy control (HC) volunteers and in subjects affected by different neurological disorders (e.g., brain tumors, and psychiatric and degenerative disorders). Additionally, we aimed to provide an exhaustive list of normal GSH concentrations within different brain areas. The definition of standard reference values for different brain areas could lead to a better interpretation of the altered GSH levels recorded in subjects with neurological disorders, with insights into the possible role of GSH as a biomarker and therapeutic target.
谷胱甘肽（GSH）是一种重要的抗氧化剂，参与多种生理功能，包括氧化还原反应平衡以及大脑对内外源性有毒物质的抗氧化防御。大脑中GSH水平的改变可能反映与多种神经系统疾病相关的炎症过程。准确可靠地估计脑内GSH浓度可以清晰透彻地了解其在脑内的代谢情况，从而为临床应用提供有价值的基准。在此背景下，我们旨在概述为在健康对照（HC）志愿者以及患有不同神经系统疾病（如脑肿瘤、精神疾病和退行性疾病）的受试者体内定量测定人脑GSH而引入的不同磁共振波谱（MRS）技术。此外，我们旨在提供不同脑区内正常GSH浓度的详尽列表。不同脑区标准参考值的定义可能有助于更好地解释神经系统疾病患者记录到的GSH水平变化，深入了解GSH作为生物标志物和治疗靶点的可能作用。
