Laboratory of Iron Homeostasis, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.
Genes (Basel). 2021 Aug 30;12(9):1364. doi: 10.3390/genes12091364.
The production of around 2.5 million red blood cells (RBCs) per second in erythropoiesis is one of the most intense activities in the body. It continuously consumes large amounts of iron, approximately 80% of which is recycled from aged erythrocytes. Therefore, similar to the "making", the "breaking" of red blood cells is also very rapid and represents one of the key processes in mammalian physiology. Under steady-state conditions, this important task is accomplished by specialized macrophages, mostly liver Kupffer cells (KCs) and splenic red pulp macrophages (RPMs). It relies to a large extent on the engulfment of red blood cells via so-called erythrophagocytosis. Surprisingly, we still understand little about the mechanistic details of the removal and processing of red blood cells by these specialized macrophages. We have only started to uncover the signaling pathways that imprint their identity, control their functions and enable their plasticity. Recent findings also identify other myeloid cell types capable of red blood cell removal and establish reciprocal cross-talk between the intensity of erythrophagocytosis and other cellular activities. Here, we aimed to review the multiple and emerging facets of iron recycling to illustrate how this exciting field of study is currently expanding.
在红细胞生成中,每秒大约产生 250 万个红细胞,这是体内最活跃的活动之一。它不断消耗大量的铁,其中约 80%是从衰老的红细胞中回收的。因此,类似于“生成”,红细胞的“破坏”也非常迅速,是哺乳动物生理学的关键过程之一。在稳定状态下,这个重要的任务是由专门的巨噬细胞完成的,主要是肝脏库普弗细胞(KCs)和脾脏红髓巨噬细胞(RPMs)。它在很大程度上依赖于通过所谓的红细胞吞噬作用来吞噬红细胞。令人惊讶的是,我们仍然不太了解这些专门的巨噬细胞清除和处理红细胞的机制细节。我们才刚刚开始揭示赋予它们身份、控制它们功能并使它们具有可塑性的信号通路。最近的发现还确定了其他能够清除红细胞的髓样细胞类型,并建立了红细胞吞噬作用的强度与其他细胞活动之间的相互交流。在这里,我们旨在回顾铁回收的多个和新兴方面,以说明这一令人兴奋的研究领域目前是如何扩展的。
Genes (Basel). 2021-8-30
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