Peng Yu, Kyriakopoulou Konstantina, Ndiaye Mbalo, Bianeis Marine, Keppler Julia K, van der Goot Atze Jan
Food Process Engineering Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
R&D Department, Avril Groupe, 35170 Bruz, France.
Foods. 2021 Sep 18;10(9):2222. doi: 10.3390/foods10092222.
Currently, the predominant process for soy protein concentrate (SPC) production is aqueous ethanol washing of hexane-extracted soy meal. However, the use of hexane is less desired, which explains the increased interest in cold pressing for oil removal. In this study, cold-pressed soy meal was used as the starting material, and a range of water/ethanol ratios was applied for the washing process to produce SPCs. Washing enriched the protein content for the SPCs, regardless of the solvent used. However, we conclude that washing with water (0% ethanol) or solvents with a high water/ethanol ratio (60% and above) can be more advantageous. Washing with a high water/ethanol ratio resulted in the highest yield, and SPCs with the highest protein solubility and water holding capacity. The water-only washed SPC showed the highest viscosity, and formed gels with the highest gel strength and hardness among all the SPCs at a similar protein concentration. The variations in the functionality among the SPCs were attributed to protein changes, although the effects of non-protein constituents such as sugar and oil might also be important. Overall, the aqueous ethanol washing process combined with cold-pressed soy meal created SPCs comparable to commercial SPC in terms of composition, but with varied functionalities that are relevant for novel soy-food developments.
目前，生产大豆浓缩蛋白（SPC）的主要工艺是用乙醇水溶液洗涤己烷萃取后的豆粕。然而，己烷的使用不太理想，这就解释了人们对冷榨脱油的兴趣日益增加的原因。在本研究中，冷榨豆粕被用作起始原料，并采用一系列水/乙醇比例进行洗涤过程以生产SPC。无论使用何种溶剂，洗涤都提高了SPC的蛋白质含量。然而，我们得出的结论是，用水（0%乙醇）或高水/乙醇比例（60%及以上）的溶剂洗涤可能更具优势。用高水/乙醇比例洗涤可得到最高产量，以及具有最高蛋白质溶解度和持水能力的SPC。在所有SPC中，仅用水洗涤的SPC在相似蛋白质浓度下表现出最高的粘度，并形成凝胶强度和硬度最高的凝胶。SPC之间功能的差异归因于蛋白质的变化，尽管糖和油等非蛋白质成分的影响可能也很重要。总体而言，乙醇水溶液洗涤工艺与冷榨豆粕相结合所制得的SPC在成分上与商业SPC相当，但具有与新型大豆食品开发相关的多种不同功能。
