Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Aleja Adama Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Crakow, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Sep 8;22(18):9703. doi: 10.3390/ijms22189703.
Some misfolded proteins, e.g., immunoglobulin monoclonal free light chains (FLC), tend to form fibrils. Protein deposits in tissue may lead to amyloidosis and dysfunction of different organs. There is currently no technique allowing for the identification of FLC that are prone to aggregate. The development of such a method would enable the early selection of patients at high risk of developing amyloidosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) could be a useful tool to study the process of aggregation of FLC and their susceptibility to form the protein deposits. Mixtures of AgNPs and urine samples from patients with multiple myeloma were prepared. To evaluate the aggregation process of nanoparticles coated with proteins, UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and the original laser light scattering method were used. It has been shown that some clones of FLC spontaneously triggered aggregation of the nanoparticles, while in the presence of others, the nanoparticle solution became hyperstable. This is probably due to the structure of the chains themselves, unique protein-AgNPs interactions and perhaps correlates with the tendency of some FLC clones to form deposits. Nanoparticle technology has proven to be helpful in identifying clones of immunoglobulin FLC that tend to aggregate.
一些错误折叠的蛋白质，例如免疫球蛋白单克隆游离轻链（FLC），往往会形成纤维。组织中的蛋白质沉积物可能导致不同器官的淀粉样变性和功能障碍。目前还没有技术可以识别容易聚集的 FLC。开发这样一种方法将能够早期选择发生淀粉样变性风险高的患者。本研究旨在探讨银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）是否可以成为研究 FLC 聚集过程及其形成蛋白质沉积物倾向的有用工具。制备了 AgNPs 与多发性骨髓瘤患者尿液样本的混合物。为了评估涂有蛋白质的纳米颗粒的聚集过程，使用了紫外可见光谱、透射电子显微镜和原始激光光散射法。结果表明，一些 FLC 克隆会自发触发纳米颗粒的聚集，而在其他克隆存在的情况下，纳米颗粒溶液变得超稳定。这可能是由于链本身的结构、独特的蛋白质-AgNPs 相互作用，也许与一些 FLC 克隆形成沉积物的倾向有关。纳米颗粒技术已被证明有助于识别易聚集的免疫球蛋白 FLC 克隆。
