Dummer P M, Kingdon A, Kingdon R
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1986 Apr;14(2):119-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1986.tb01510.x.
The prevalence of enamel developmental defects was assessed in 579 children aged 11 and 12 yr using the DDE Index. The teeth were dried prior to the examination and a normal dental operating light was used for illumination. Teeth with some type of defective enamel were seen in 48.9% of children. White/single opacities were present in 26.4% of children and white/diffuse, patchy opacities in 9.9% of children. The enamel was abnormal in 5.74% of all teeth with white/single opacities and white/diffuse, patchy opacities occurring in 1.89% and 1.18% of teeth respectively. There was a significantly higher number of teeth affected by enamel defects in boys (P less than 0.01) and boys tended to have a higher prevalence of yellow opacities compared to girls.
采用牙釉质发育不全指数（DDE Index）对579名11至12岁儿童的牙釉质发育缺陷患病率进行了评估。检查前将牙齿吹干，并使用普通牙科手术灯照明。48.9%的儿童存在某种类型的牙釉质缺陷。26.4%的儿童有白色/单个不透明区，9.9%的儿童有白色/弥漫性、斑片状不透明区。在所有有白色/单个不透明区的牙齿中，5.74%的牙釉质异常，白色/弥漫性、斑片状不透明区分别出现在1.89%和1.18%的牙齿中。男孩受牙釉质缺陷影响的牙齿数量明显更多（P小于0.01），与女孩相比，男孩黄色不透明区的患病率往往更高。
