Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis of Luminescent Micro- and Nanocrystalline Eu-Based MOFs as Luminescent Probes for Heavy Metal Ions.

The luminescent coarse-, micro- and nanocrystalline europium(III) terephthalate tetrahydrate (Eubdc·4HO) metal-organic frameworks were synthesized by the ultrasound-assisted wet-chemical method. Electron micrographs show that the europium(III) terephthalate microparticles are 7 μm long leaf-like plates. According to the dynamic light scattering technique, the average size of the Eubdc·4HO nanoparticles is equal to about 8 ± 2 nm. Thereby, the reported Eubdc·4HO nanoparticles are the smallest nanosized rare-earth-based MOF crystals, to the best of our knowledge. The synthesized materials demonstrate red emission due to the D-F transitions of Eu upon 250 nm excitation into ππ* state of the terephthalate ion. Size reduction results in broadened emission bands, an increase in the non-radiative rate constants and a decrease in both the quantum efficiency of the D level and Eu and the luminescence quantum yields. Cu, Cr, and Fe ions efficiently and selectively quench the luminescence of nanocrystalline europium(III) terephthalate, which makes it a prospective material for luminescent probes to monitor these ions in waste and drinking water.