“毒药”还是“保护”？澳大利亚父母对 COVID-19 疫苗接种意愿的混合方法探索。
"Poison" or "protection"? A mixed methods exploration of Australian parents' COVID-19 vaccination intentions.
机构信息
Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Victoria, Australia.
Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Victoria, Australia; Deakin University, Misinformation Lab, School of Psychology, Victoria, Australia.
出版信息
J Psychosom Res. 2021 Nov;150:110626. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110626. Epub 2021 Sep 23.
OBJECTIVE
The success of COVID-19 vaccination programs relies on community attitudes, yet little is known about parents' views. We aimed to explore the reasons behind Australian parents' vaccine intentions for themselves and for their children.
METHOD
This mixed methods study relates to Wave 13 (January 2021) of a longitudinal study of Australian parents' experiences during COVID-19 and contained 1094 participants (83% mothers). We used multinomial logistic regression to understand demographic predictors of vaccine intention, and a descriptive template thematic analysis to analyse open-ended questions about parents' reasons for vaccine intentions for themselves and their children.
RESULTS
64% of Australian parents intend on vaccination, 26% are unsure and 9% intend to decline; 48% intend to vaccinate their children, 38% are unsure, and 14% intend to decline. Relative to those intending to vaccinate, parents unsure (OR = -0.63, 95% CI: 0.46, -0.84, p = .002) or not intending (OR = -0.41, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.67 p < .001) to vaccinate were more likely to have lower trust in doctors. Similar predictors emerged for parents who did not intend to vaccinate their children (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.70, p < .001). Qualitative data indicated that many parents had not made a firm decision, including a lack of alignment between intentions and reasons. For example, parents who said 'yes' to vaccination, often then expressed hesitance and a focus on risks in their written response. Reasons for hesitancy for themselves included concerns about testing, side effects, and long-term outcomes. Similar themes were present for children, but parents expressed a strong desire to protect their children, and an eagerness for health information.
CONCLUSION
Based on prior research and the themes identified here, a multipronged campaign that includes education/promotion, good access to vaccines and role models, is likely to support parents to make informed decisions regarding COVID-19 vaccination.
目的
新冠疫苗接种计划的成功依赖于社区态度，但人们对父母的观点知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨澳大利亚父母自身和子女疫苗接种意愿背后的原因。
方法
本混合方法研究是对澳大利亚父母在新冠疫情期间经历的纵向研究的第 13 波（2021 年 1 月）的一部分，共纳入 1094 名参与者（83%为母亲）。我们使用多项逻辑回归来了解疫苗接种意愿的人口统计学预测因素，并使用描述性模板主题分析来分析关于父母自身和子女疫苗接种意愿的开放性问题的原因。
结果
64%的澳大利亚父母打算接种疫苗，26%的父母不确定，9%的父母打算拒绝接种；48%的父母打算给孩子接种疫苗，38%的父母不确定，14%的父母打算拒绝接种。与打算接种疫苗的父母相比，不确定（OR=0.63，95%CI：0.46，-0.84，p=0.002）或不打算（OR=0.41，95%CI：0.24，0.67，p<0.001）接种疫苗的父母更有可能对医生的信任度较低。对于不打算给孩子接种疫苗的父母，也出现了类似的预测因素（OR=0.47，95%CI：0.31，0.70，p<0.001）。定性数据表明，许多父母尚未做出坚定的决定，包括他们的意愿和原因之间存在不一致。例如，一些父母在书面回复中表示“同意”接种疫苗，但随后表达了犹豫，并关注风险。自身犹豫不决的原因包括对检测、副作用和长期结果的担忧。对于孩子的疫苗接种，也存在类似的主题，但父母表示强烈希望保护孩子，并渴望获得健康信息。
结论
基于先前的研究和这里确定的主题，一个多管齐下的运动，包括教育/宣传、良好的疫苗获取途径和榜样，可能会支持父母做出有关新冠疫苗接种的知情决策。
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