Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Feb;29(9):13279-13291. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-16336-6. Epub 2021 Sep 28.
Street dust resuspension is one of the main sources of particulate matter with impacts on air quality, health, and climate. This research was aimed to determine the concentration, source, and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in street dust of Mashhad city. To this end, USEPA-regulated 16 PAHs were measured in 84 dust samples using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The source of Σ16PAHs was identified using diagnostic ratios (DRs), positive matrix factorization (PMF), and principal component analysis (PCA). The measured Σ16PAHs demonstrated different spatial concentrations (from 1,005 to 9,138.96 μg kg) and showed higher levels in summer (1,206.21-9,138.96 μg kg), although 4-ring PAHs exhibited maximum levels in both summer and winter. The findings revealed that the dust-deposited PAHs are predominantly emitted through combustion of fossil fuels (such as diesel and gasoline) and natural gas. The total incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) was assessed by considering three possible exposure routes separately for children and adults and calculated carcinogenic risk values of 2.24E-06 and 2.14E-06, respectively. ILCR is above the baseline value (1.0E-06) for children and adults in both seasons.
街道灰尘再悬浮是影响空气质量、健康和气候的颗粒物的主要来源之一。本研究旨在确定马什哈德市街道灰尘中多环芳烃（PAHs）的浓度、来源和健康风险。为此，使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）测量了 84 个灰尘样本中 16 种受美国环保署监管的 PAHs。使用诊断比（DRs）、正矩阵因子分析（PMF）和主成分分析（PCA）确定Σ16PAHs 的来源。测量的Σ16PAHs 表现出不同的空间浓度（从 1005 到 9138.96μg kg），夏季浓度较高（1206.21-9138.96μg kg），尽管夏季和冬季四环 PAHs 的浓度都最高。研究结果表明，灰尘中沉积的 PAHs 主要通过化石燃料（如柴油和汽油）和天然气的燃烧排放。通过分别考虑儿童和成人的三种可能暴露途径评估总增量终生癌症风险（ILCR），并分别计算出儿童和成人的致癌风险值为 2.24E-06 和 2.14E-06。在两个季节，儿童和成人的 ILCR 均高于基线值（1.0E-06）。
