School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Forensic Science Service, Criminal Police of Valais, Sion, Switzerland.
Drug Test Anal. 2022 Mar;14(3):411-415. doi: 10.1002/dta.3167. Epub 2021 Oct 10.
Illicit drug profiling bears a long history. Developments in the field from mid-90s have led to several international profiling programs. Several countries have put their efforts to develop and implement the routine use of illicit drug profiling in the investigation and prosecution of illicit drug-related crimes. For more than 20 years, the School of Criminal Sciences (ESC) at the University of Lausanne has, through its illicit drug expertise laboratory, played a main role in promoting the use of illicit drug profiling. In Switzerland, there is no national illicit drug profiling practice and the ESC laboratory is the only one offering such service. However, only a limited number of Swiss jurisdictions send regularly all or part of their seized specimens for analysis to the ESC laboratory. Profiling results are furnished to investigators and prosecutors regardless if they have been requested or not and are stored in a database with limited contextual information with no further data treatment. In 2020, the interruption of a project intended to develop and implement an intercantonal database gathering traditional police data, forensic data (e.g., DNA, fingerprints, etc.), and physical and chemical links, to produce intelligence and support investigation, led to the fundamental question: Is illicit drug profiling in Switzerland condemned to disappear or is it a forgotten treasure, a neglected approach that deserves to be revalued? This paper reports the Swiss situation regarding illicit drug profiling practices and discusses some factors that are thought to impact its use in day-to-day work.
非法药物特征分析有着悠久的历史。90 年代中期以来，该领域的发展催生了几个国际特征分析项目。一些国家已经努力开发并实施将非法药物特征分析常规应用于调查和起诉与非法药物有关的犯罪的做法。20 多年来，洛桑大学刑事科学学院（ESC）通过其非法药物专门知识实验室，在促进非法药物特征分析的使用方面发挥了主要作用。在瑞士，没有国家层面的非法药物特征分析实践，ESC 实验室是唯一提供此类服务的实验室。然而，只有少数瑞士司法管辖区定期将其缴获的全部或部分样本送到 ESC 实验室进行分析。无论是否有要求，特征分析结果都会提供给调查人员和检察官，并存储在一个数据库中，该数据库仅包含有限的背景信息，且不会进行进一步的数据处理。2020 年，一个旨在开发和实施一个收集传统警务数据、法医数据（如 DNA、指纹等）和物理化学联系的跨州数据库的项目中断，这引发了一个基本问题：瑞士的非法药物特征分析是否注定要消失，或者它是一个被遗忘的宝藏，一种被忽视的方法，值得重新评估？本文报告了瑞士在非法药物特征分析做法方面的情况，并讨论了一些被认为会影响其在日常工作中使用的因素。
