Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2021 Sep;30(3):522-536. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.202109_30(3).0019.
Previous studies had shown that trends in diet quality between children and adults may vary but lack quantitative comparisons. We aimed to compare diet quality and its trends between US children and adults in this research.
Children aged 2 to 18 and adults aged 19 to 59 years old in the US were enrolled the serial cross-sectional analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles from 1999 to 2018. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), and trends were analyzed by joinpoint regression model.
This study included 31988 children and 34317 adults. From 1999 to 2018, there was a trend-change among 5 children's components trends (including total fruits in 2011-2012, whole fruits in 2005-2006, greens and beans in 2013-2014, dairy in 2013-2014, and total protein foods in 2013-2014, p for joinpoint <0.05 for each) and overall trend in 2013-2014, whereas no significant trend-change in adults' trend. The trends of overall HEI-2015 between children (average annual percent change 0.3%; 95% CI: -0.1% to 0.8%) and adults (0.3%; 95%CI: 0.0% to 0.6%) showed no significant difference in parallelism (p for parallelism=0.60), but a significant difference in coincidence (intercept -7.7±3.7 among children; -2.3±2.5 among adults; p for coincidence <0.05).
Children had a different trend with more trend-changes in diet quality compared with adults, and the diet quality of children was worse than that of adults during 1999-2018 in the US.
先前的研究表明，儿童和成人的饮食质量趋势可能有所不同，但缺乏定量比较。本研究旨在比较美国儿童和成人的饮食质量及其变化趋势。
本研究纳入了美国年龄在 2 至 18 岁的儿童和 19 至 59 岁的成年人，这些人群来自于 1999 年至 2018 年国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）的连续横断面分析。采用健康饮食指数-2015（HEI-2015）评估饮食质量，采用 joinpoint 回归模型分析趋势。
本研究共纳入 31988 名儿童和 34317 名成年人。1999 年至 2018 年，儿童的 5 项组成部分的趋势（包括 2011-2012 年的总水果、2005-2006 年的全水果、2013-2014 年的绿色蔬菜和豆类、2013-2014 年的乳制品以及 2013-2014 年的总蛋白质食品，p 值<0.05）和 2013-2014 年的整体趋势发生了变化，而成年人的趋势没有发生显著变化。儿童（平均年变化率为 0.3%；95%CI：-0.1%至 0.8%）和成年人（0.3%；95%CI：0.0%至 0.6%）的整体 HEI-2015 趋势在平行性方面没有显著差异（平行性 p 值=0.60），但在一致性方面存在显著差异（儿童组截距为-7.7±3.7，成人组截距为-2.3±2.5，p 值<0.05）。
与成年人相比，儿童的饮食质量趋势变化更多，且在 1999 年至 2018 年期间，儿童的饮食质量比成年人更差。
