Colloca Luana, Thomas Sharon, Yin Margaret, Haycock Nathaniel R, Wang Yang
Pain and Translational Symptom Science, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Departments of Anaesthesiology and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Pain Rep. 2021 Sep 23;6(3):e958. doi: 10.1097/PR9.0000000000000958. eCollection 2021 Sep-Oct.
The unknown and uncontrollable situation of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have triggered changes in pain, anxiety, and depression along with a perception of nonspecific COVID-19 symptoms.
We determined how anxiety, depression, and pain outcomes varied during the "Stay-at-Home" order compared with the prepandemic period and whether nonspecific COVID-19 symptoms would occur.
We conducted an online survey to opportunistically reassess clinical anxiety, depression, pain intensity, and pain interference while controlling for somatic symptom severity during the prepandemic and Stay-at-Home order period. During the Stay-at-Home period, anxiety, depression, pain intensity, and pain interference were reassessed. Coping strategies were assessed as a critical factor influencing pain behaviors. In addition, we explored the occurrence of nonspecific COVID-19 symptoms with an ad hoc survey referencing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention publicly available COVID-19 symptoms.
We observed a significant increase in depression and anxiety levels during the Stay-at-Home period. Coping strategy changes (eg, increased exercise) were linked to lower pain severity and interference which improved overall. Participants who self-reported nonspecific COVID-19 symptoms had higher prepandemic depression. Among the 72 participants not diagnosed with COVID-19, 70.8% of the participants experienced symptoms resembling those associated with COVID-19.
We suggest the parallel between pain outcome improvement and worsening anxiety and depression during the Stay-at-Home order might reflect a shift in symptoms, indicating that those patients with underlying mood disorders may require more help than they did before the pandemic.
2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行的未知和不可控情况可能引发了疼痛、焦虑和抑郁的变化，同时伴有对非特异性COVID-19症状的感知。
我们确定了与疫情前时期相比，在“居家”令期间焦虑、抑郁和疼痛结果如何变化，以及是否会出现非特异性COVID-19症状。
我们进行了一项在线调查，以便在疫情前和居家令期间，在控制躯体症状严重程度的同时，机会性地重新评估临床焦虑、抑郁、疼痛强度和疼痛干扰。在居家期间，对焦虑、抑郁、疼痛强度和疼痛干扰进行了重新评估。应对策略被评估为影响疼痛行为的关键因素。此外，我们通过一项临时调查，参考疾病控制与预防中心公开的COVID-19症状，探讨了非特异性COVID-19症状的发生情况。
我们观察到在居家期间抑郁和焦虑水平显著增加。应对策略的改变（例如增加运动）与较低的疼痛严重程度和干扰相关，总体情况有所改善。自我报告有非特异性COVID-19症状的参与者在疫情前的抑郁程度较高。在72名未被诊断为COVID-19的参与者中，70.8%的参与者出现了类似于与COVID-19相关的症状。
我们认为，居家令期间疼痛结果改善与焦虑和抑郁恶化之间的平行关系可能反映了症状的转变，这表明那些患有潜在情绪障碍的患者可能比疫情前需要更多帮助。
