Guzey Melike, Funk Julia, Kustermann Julia, Ehring Thomas
Ankara University, Department of Psychology, Turkey.
LMU Munich, Department of Psychology, Germany.
Behav Res Ther. 2021 Dec;147:103970. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2021.103970. Epub 2021 Sep 22.
High levels of rumination are a risk factor for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Theoretical models of rumination as well as earlier empirical findings suggest that the dysfunctional effects of rumination are due to an abstract processing style, and that a more concrete style of thinking has beneficial effects on mental well-being. The present study therefore examined whether concreteness training prior to watching a trauma film prevents analogue PTSD symptoms in the form of intrusive memories. Healthy participants either received concreteness training or were allocated to a no-intervention control condition, and watched a distressing film three days later. We examined differences in intrusive memories related to the film scenes between conditions, and tested whether concreteness training reduces the link between trait rumination and analogue PTSD symptoms. Furthermore, the interacting effect of concreteness training and trait rumination on peri-traumatic processing was investigated. In line with the hypotheses, concreteness training was associated with less frequent intrusive memories and moderated the association between trait rumination and intrusive memories as well as trait rumination and dissociation during the film. These findings lend support to the hypothesis that processing style contributes to the negative impact of rumination on posttraumatic stress symptoms. In addition, they provide preliminary evidence that concreteness training may be a promising intervention for the prevention of PTSD following trauma.
高度的反刍思维是创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）发生的一个风险因素。反刍思维的理论模型以及早期的实证研究结果表明，反刍思维的功能失调效应是由于抽象的加工方式所致，而更具体的思维方式对心理健康有有益影响。因此，本研究考察了在观看创伤影片之前进行具体性训练是否能预防以侵入性记忆形式出现的类似PTSD症状。健康参与者要么接受具体性训练，要么被分配到无干预的控制组，并在三天后观看一部令人痛苦的影片。我们考察了不同组之间与影片场景相关的侵入性记忆的差异，并测试了具体性训练是否能减少特质反刍思维与类似PTSD症状之间的联系。此外，还研究了具体性训练与特质反刍思维对创伤周围加工的交互作用。与假设一致，具体性训练与侵入性记忆频率较低相关，并调节了影片观看期间特质反刍思维与侵入性记忆以及特质反刍思维与解离之间的关联。这些发现支持了以下假设：加工方式导致反刍思维对创伤后应激症状产生负面影响。此外，它们还提供了初步证据，表明具体性训练可能是预防创伤后PTSD的一种有前景的干预措施。
