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无人机揭示了食草动物对北极植被的大量但不均匀的影响。

UAV reveals substantial but heterogeneous effects of herbivores on Arctic vegetation.

机构信息

Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.

出版信息

Sci Rep. 2021 Sep 30;11(1):19468. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98497-5.

Abstract

Understanding how herbivores shape plant biomass and distribution is a core challenge in ecology. Yet, the lack of suitable remote sensing technology limits our knowledge of temporal and spatial impacts of mammal herbivores in the Earth system. The regular interannual density fluctuations of voles and lemmings are exceptional with their large reduction of plant biomass in Arctic landscapes during peak years (12-24%) as previously shown at large spatial scales using satellites. This provides evidence that herbivores are important drivers of observed global changes in vegetation productivity. Here, we use a novel approach with repeated unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flights, to map vegetation impact by rodents, indicating that many important aspects of vegetation dynamics otherwise hidden by the coarse resolution of satellite images, including plant-herbivore interactions, can be revealed using UAVs. We quantify areas impacted by rodents at four complex Arctic landscapes with very high spatial resolution UAV imagery to get a new perspective on how herbivores shape Arctic ecosystems. The area impacted by voles and lemmings is indeed substantial, larger at higher altitude tundra environments, varies between habitats depending on local snow cover and plant community composition, and is heterogeneous even within habitats at submeter scales. Coupling this with spectral reflectance of vegetation (NDVI), we can show that the impact on central ecosystem properties like GPP and biomass is stronger than currently accounted for in Arctic ecosystems. As an emerging technology, UAVs will allow us to better disentangle important information on how herbivores maintain spatial heterogeneity, function and diversity in natural ecosystems.

摘要

了解食草动物如何塑造植物生物量和分布是生态学的核心挑战。然而,缺乏合适的遥感技术限制了我们对哺乳动物食草动物在地球系统中时空影响的认识。田鼠和旅鼠的定期年际密度波动异常,在高峰期(12-24%)会大量减少北极景观中的植物生物量,如以前在大空间尺度上使用卫星所显示的那样。这表明食草动物是植被生产力观测到的全球变化的重要驱动因素。在这里,我们使用一种新的方法,即重复使用无人机(UAV)飞行,来绘制啮齿动物对植被的影响,表明使用无人机可以揭示植被动态的许多重要方面,这些方面否则会被卫星图像的粗糙分辨率所隐藏,包括植物-食草动物相互作用。我们使用高分辨率的无人机图像对四个复杂的北极景观进行了啮齿动物影响的定量分析,以获得关于食草动物如何塑造北极生态系统的新视角。田鼠和旅鼠的影响区域确实很大,在高海拔的冻原环境中更大,根据当地的积雪和植物群落组成,在不同的栖息地之间变化,甚至在亚米级的栖息地内也是不均匀的。将这与植被的光谱反射率(NDVI)相结合,我们可以表明,对中央生态系统特性(如 GPP 和生物量)的影响比目前在北极生态系统中所考虑的要大。作为一种新兴技术,无人机将使我们能够更好地分解有关食草动物如何在自然生态系统中维持空间异质性、功能和多样性的重要信息。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9f1b/8484448/74b5c2e787a0/41598_2021_98497_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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