Sarvestan Javad, Ataabadi Peyman Aghaie, Yazdanbakhsh Fateme, Abbasi Shahram, Abbasi Ali, Svoboda Zdeněk
Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Department of Biomechanics and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
Gait Posture. 2021 Oct;90:434-440. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.09.195. Epub 2021 Sep 25.
Adaptation of the walking pattern to uphill walking demands immediate coordination between the lower limb segments. Nonetheless, knowledge about individual joints' responses and variability in response to the new slope angles are missing.
This study investigated the impacts of uphill walking on the ankle, the knee and the hip joints angles and their variability.
Twenty-three collegiate athletes (age: 22.04 ± 3.43years, body mass: 62.14 ± 9.26Kg, height: 168.29 ± 7.06 cm) walked on an inclined treadmill at 0 ° (level walking -LW), 5 ° (low-slope-walking -LSW), and 10 ° (high-slope-walking -HSW) slopes at their preferred walking speed (4.2 ± 0.51 km.h). The ankle, knee and hip joints angles and their variability (standard deviations) were calculated and analysed throughout the gait cycles in LW, LSW, and HSW.
Repeated measure ANOVA portrayed significant differences between the ankle joint angles in sagittal (p < .001, η>.14), frontal (p < .05, η>.14), and transverse (p < .005, .14 < η>.01) planes. In the knee joint, the sagittal (p < .001, η>.14), frontal (p < .05, η>.14), and transverse (p < .05, η>.14) angles were significantly different (p < 0.05). Similarly, in the hip joint, the sagittal (p < .05, η>.14), frontal (p < .05, η>.14), and transverse (p < .05, η>.14) angles were significantly different. Ankle angle variability was significantly different in sagittal (P < .001, η>.14), frontal (p = .002, η>.14) and horizontal (P < .001, η>.14) planes, as well as knee joint angle variability in sagittal, frontal and horizontal planes p < 0.001, η>.14. The hip joint variability was considerably different in sagittal (p = .031, η>.14) and horizontal (p < .05, η>.14) planes.
Uphill walking involves further modifications in the ankle, knee and hip joints angle to adjust the whole-body movements to a new slope. This adjustment resulted in a firm base of support, provided by the ankle, to regulate the knee and hip joints modifications. Nevertheless, it caused less ankle movement variability and could end up with injuries over long-term uphill walking.
步行模式适应上坡行走需要下肢各节段之间立即进行协调。然而，关于各个关节对新坡度角度的反应及其变异性的相关知识尚属空白。
本研究调查上坡行走对踝关节、膝关节和髋关节角度及其变异性的影响。
23名大学生运动员（年龄：22.04±3.43岁，体重：62.14±9.26千克，身高：168.29±7.06厘米）在倾斜跑步机上以其偏好的步行速度（4.2±0.51千米/小时）在0°（水平行走-LW）、5°（低坡度行走-LSW）和10°（高坡度行走-HSW）的坡度上行走。在LW、LSW和HSW的整个步态周期中计算并分析踝关节、膝关节和髋关节的角度及其变异性（标准差）。
重复测量方差分析显示，踝关节在矢状面（p<0.001，η>0.14）、额状面（p<0.05，η>0.14）和横断面（p<0.005，0.14<η>0.01）的角度存在显著差异。在膝关节，矢状面（p<0.001，η>0.14）、额状面（p<0.05，η>0.14）和横断面（p<0.05，η>0.14）的角度有显著差异（p<0.05）。同样，在髋关节，矢状面（p<0.05，η>0.14）、额状面（p<0.05，η>0.14）和横断面（p<0.05，η>0.14）的角度也有显著差异。踝关节角度变异性在矢状面（P<0.001，η>0.14）、额状面（p=0.002，η>0.14）和水平面（P<0.001，η>0.14）有显著差异，膝关节角度变异性在矢状面、额状面和水平面也有显著差异（p<0.001，η>0.14）。髋关节变异性在矢状面（p=0.031，η>0.14）和水平面（p<0.05，η>0.14）有显著差异。
上坡行走需要对踝关节、膝关节和髋关节角度进行进一步调整，以使全身运动适应新的坡度。这种调整通过踝关节提供了稳固的支撑基础，以调节膝关节和髋关节的变化。然而，这会导致踝关节运动变异性降低，长期上坡行走可能最终导致受伤。
