Khludenev George, Reddy Akshay, Akosman Sinan, Whalen Michael J
George Washington University School of Medicine, 2300 I St NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
Case Rep Urol. 2021 Sep 23;2021:5827120. doi: 10.1155/2021/5827120. eCollection 2021.
Malignant bladder neoplasms represent a significant disease burden not only for urologists but also the broader medical community. While the majority of bladder tumors are urothelial in origin, up to two percent are found to be adenocarcinomas. Among bladder adenocarcinomas, roughly one-tenth are urachal and are frequently located at the dome of the bladder where urachal remnants can often be found. We describe a case of bladder adenocarcinoma that presented at the dome of the bladder but ultimately exhibited a nonurachal histology. A 65-year-old male with a history of myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident with residual right-sided hemiparesis and aphasia was referred to our clinic for evaluation of a bladder mass discovered in the setting of painless gross hematuria. Diagnostic cystoscopy demonstrated a large mass at the dome of the bladder, and subsequent transurethral resection revealed stage T1 mucinous adenocarcinoma arising in a villous adenomatous lesion without the presence of muscle in the specimen. The patient underwent a robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial cystectomy with extended bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. Postoperatively, the patient experienced short-lived paralytic ileus and was discharged on postoperative day 5. Follow-up surveillance imaging at 6 months with CT chest, abdomen, and pelvis, repeat office cystoscopy, and negative tumor markers postoperatively indicated no evidence of disease recurrence. Characterization of bladder adenocarcinomas into urachal and nonurachal subtypes is critical in differentiating the operative management and oncologic outcomes of the respective neoplasms. However, given the paucity of literature describing treatment approaches to bladder adenocarcinoma in general, existing methods have largely mirrored genetically similar neoplasms, including ovarian and colon adenocarcinomas. Although there is still much to be understood regarding the potential mechanisms of carcinogenesis of nonurachal adenocarcinomas, further investigation may pave the way for a more standardized treatment paradigm and provide insight into the potential utility of modern immunotherapies.
恶性膀胱肿瘤不仅给泌尿外科医生,也给更广泛的医学界带来了重大的疾病负担。虽然大多数膀胱肿瘤起源于尿路上皮,但高达2%被发现是腺癌。在膀胱腺癌中,大约十分之一是脐尿管腺癌,且常位于膀胱顶部,此处常可发现脐尿管残余。我们描述了一例膀胱腺癌,该肿瘤出现在膀胱顶部,但最终显示为非脐尿管组织学类型。一名65岁男性,有心肌梗死和脑血管意外病史,遗留右侧偏瘫和失语,因无痛性肉眼血尿检查发现膀胱肿块而转诊至我们诊所。诊断性膀胱镜检查显示膀胱顶部有一个大肿块,随后经尿道切除术显示为T1期黏液腺癌,起源于绒毛状腺瘤性病变,标本中无肌肉组织。患者接受了机器人辅助腹腔镜部分膀胱切除术及双侧盆腔淋巴结扩大清扫术。术后,患者出现短暂性麻痹性肠梗阻,术后第5天出院。术后6个月的胸部、腹部和盆腔CT随访影像学检查、重复膀胱镜检查及肿瘤标志物阴性表明无疾病复发迹象。将膀胱腺癌分为脐尿管和非脐尿管亚型对于区分各自肿瘤的手术治疗和肿瘤学结局至关重要。然而,鉴于总体上描述膀胱腺癌治疗方法的文献较少,现有方法在很大程度上借鉴了基因相似的肿瘤,包括卵巢癌和结肠癌。尽管关于非脐尿管腺癌的潜在致癌机制仍有许多有待了解之处,但进一步研究可能为更标准化的治疗模式铺平道路,并为现代免疫疗法的潜在效用提供见解。