Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada.
Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 348B South Academic Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada.
Environ Int. 2022 Jan;158:106910. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106910. Epub 2021 Oct 1.
Fort McMurray and the Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR) experienced major wildfires in 2016, but the impact of these on regional deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and trace elements has not been reported nor compared to industrial sources of these pollutants in the region. Living moss (Sphagnum fuscum) was collected in triplicate from five ombrotrophic bogs in the AOSR after the wildfires, and analyzed for PAHs and trace elements. These post-wildfire data were compared to data from previous years at the same sites, and also to remote reference bogs in Alberta and Ontario. Elevated post-wildfire concentrations and flux of naphthalene and fluorene were observed at all five bogs in the AOSR, but no consistent trend was evident for higher molecular weight PAHs or the sum of priority PAHs (∑PAH). Trace elements at most AOSR bogs were not elevated post-wildfire, except at one bog in the burned area (MIL), but even here the elements that were increased (1.7-5.6 × ) were likely of bitumen-origin (i.e., V, Ni, Se, Mo and Re). Significant post-wildfire correlations between PAHs and most trace elements suggested a common source, and few significant correlations were observed with retene, suggesting that wildfires were not the dominant source of most contaminants detected. Mass balance receptor models were used to apportion sources, indicating that the major sources of trace elements among five AOSR bogs post-wildfire were oil sands ore (mean 42%), haul road dust (17%), and petcoke (11%), whereas wildfire was always a minor source (3-4%). For PAHs at the most contaminated site (MIL), delayed petcoke (27%) and wildfire (25%) were the major sources, but the contribution of wildfire to PAHs at other sites was less or not discernable. Impacts of the 2016 wildfires on regional atmospheric deposition of major pollutants was less than from ongoing deposition of anthropogenic dust from oil sands activities.
麦克默里堡和亚伯达油砂地区（AOSR）在 2016 年经历了重大野火，但这些野火对该地区多环芳烃（PAHs）和微量元素的区域沉积的影响尚未报道，也未与该地区这些污染物的工业来源进行比较。野火后，在 AOSR 的五个寡营养沼泽地中采集了三倍的活苔藓（Sphagnum fuscum），并对其进行了 PAHs 和微量元素分析。这些野火后的数据与前几年在同一地点的数据进行了比较，也与阿尔伯塔省和安大略省的远程参考沼泽地进行了比较。在 AOSR 的五个沼泽地中，萘和芴的浓度和通量都升高，但对于更高分子量的 PAHs 或优先 PAHs 的总和（∑PAH），没有明显的趋势。除了燃烧区的一个沼泽地（MIL）外，大多数 AOSR 沼泽地的微量元素在野火后并没有升高，但即使在这里，增加的元素（1.7-5.6×）可能来自沥青，即 V、Ni、Se、Mo 和 Re。PAHs 与大多数微量元素之间的显著野火后相关性表明存在共同来源，与 retene 之间的相关性很少，表明野火不是大多数检测到的污染物的主要来源。质量平衡受体模型用于分配来源，表明野火后五个 AOSR 沼泽地微量元素的主要来源是油砂矿石（平均 42%）、运输道路灰尘（17%）和石油焦（11%），而野火总是次要来源（3-4%）。在污染最严重的地点（MIL），延迟石油焦（27%）和野火（25%）是主要来源，但在其他地点，野火对 PAHs 的贡献较小或不可察觉。2016 年野火对区域大气主要污染物沉积的影响小于油砂活动造成的人为粉尘持续沉积的影响。
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