SARS-CoV-2 病毒结构、高危条件与 COVID-19 患者血浆中 IL-4、IL-10 和 IL-15 水平的关系与 SARS 和 MERS 感染的比较。

The Relation of the Viral Structure of SARS-CoV-2, High-Risk Condition, and Plasma Levels of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-15 in COVID-19 Patients Compared to SARS and MERS Infections.

机构信息

Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.

出版信息

Curr Mol Med. 2022;22(7):584-593. doi: 10.2174/1566524021666211004110101.

DOI:10.2174/1566524021666211004110101

PMID:34607539

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2) has a high mortality rate due to widespread infection and strong immune system reaction. Interleukins (ILs) are among the main immune factors contributing to the deterioration of the immune response and the formation of cytokine storms in coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infections.

INTRODUCTION

This review article aimed at investigating the relationship between virus structure, risk factors, and patient plasma interleukin levels in infections caused by the coronavirus family.

METHODS

The keywords "interleukin," "coronavirus structure," "plasma," and "risk factors" were searched to find a relationship among different interleukins, coronavirus structures, and risk factors in ISI, PUBMED, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases.

RESULTS

Patients with high-risk conditions with independent panels of immune system markers are more susceptible to death caused by SARS-CoV-2. IL-4, IL-10, and IL-15 are probably secreted at different levels in patients with coronavirus infections despite the similarity of inflammatory markers. SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV increase the secretion of IL-4, while it remains unchanged in MERS-CoV infection. MERS-CoV infection demonstrates increased IL-10 levels. Although IL-10 levels usually increase in SARS-CoV infection, different levels are recorded in SARS-CoV-2, i.e., it increases in some patients while it decreases in others. This difference may be due to factors such as the patient's condition and the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. MERS-CoV increases IL-15 secretion while its levels remain unchanged in SARS-CoV-2. The levels of IL-15 in patients with SARS-CoV have not been studied.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the different structures of SARS-CoV-2, such as length of spike or nonstructural proteins (NSPs) and susceptibility of patients due to differences in their risk factors, may lead to differences in immune marker secretion and pathogenicity. Therefore, identifying and controlling interleukin levels can play a significant role in managing the symptoms and developing individual-specific treatments.

摘要

背景

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）由于广泛感染和强烈的免疫系统反应，死亡率很高。白细胞介素（ILs）是导致 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）感染中免疫反应恶化和细胞因子风暴形成的主要免疫因素之一。

介绍

本综述文章旨在研究冠状病毒家族感染中病毒结构、危险因素与患者血浆白细胞介素水平之间的关系。

方法

在 ISI、PUBMED、SCOPUS 和 Google Scholar 数据库中，使用“白细胞介素”、“冠状病毒结构”、“血浆”和“危险因素”等关键词搜索不同白细胞介素、冠状病毒结构和危险因素之间的关系。

结果

具有独立免疫系统标志物高危条件的患者更容易死于 SARS-CoV-2。尽管炎症标志物相似，但冠状病毒感染患者可能会以不同水平分泌 IL-4、IL-10 和 IL-15。SARS-CoV-2 和 SARS-CoV 增加了 IL-4 的分泌，而 MERS-CoV 感染则保持不变。MERS-CoV 感染显示 IL-10 水平升高。虽然 SARS-CoV 感染中 IL-10 水平通常升高，但在 SARS-CoV-2 中记录到不同的水平，即一些患者升高，而另一些患者降低。这种差异可能归因于患者病情和 SARS-CoV-2 的致病性等因素。MERS-CoV 增加了 IL-15 的分泌，而 SARS-CoV-2 则保持不变。SARS-CoV-2 患者的 IL-15 水平尚未研究。