Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway in Ventral Tegmental Area is Involved in Regulation of 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone on Alcohol Consumption in Rats.

We recently reported that intraperitoneal injection of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), a brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mimicking small compound, could attenuate alcohol-related behaviors in a two-bottle choice ethanol consumption procedure (IA2BC) in rats via tropomyosin receptor kinase B in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), which is closely related to alcohol use disorder. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying the regulation of 7,8-DHF on alcohol drinking behavior remain elusive. In this study, we determined the role of nitric oxide (NO), a pleiotropic signaling molecule, in the VTA in the action of 7,8-DHF upon alcohol drinking behavior. Intermittent alcohol exposure led to the overexpression of NO in the VTA, especially 72 h after withdrawal from four weeks of ethanol exposure in IA2BC rats. A higher amount of alcohol intake was also found at the same time point, consistent with the overexpression of NO in the VTA. Microinjection of NG-Nitro-l-Arginine Methyl Ester, (NO synthase inhibitor) or 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (NO scavenger) into the VTA inhibited alcohol intake, whereas application of S-Nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP, the NO donor) in the VTA further enhanced alcohol consumption in IA2BC rats. Interestingly, either 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3,-a]quinoxalin-1-one (a sGC inhibitor) or KT5823 [a selective protein kinase G (PKG) inhibitor] blocked NO's enhancing effect on ethanol intake. Intraperitoneal injection of 7,8-DHF reduced the overexpression of NO; SNAP microinjected into the VTA reversed the inhibitory effects of 7,8-DHF on alcohol consumption. Our findings suggest that NO-cGMP-PKG might be involved in regulation of 7,8-DHF on alcohol consumption in IA2BC rats.