Moles Juan, Avila Conxita, Malaquias Manuel António E
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), University of Barcelona, 643 Diagonal Av., Barcelona, Catalonia, 08028, Spain.
Cladistics. 2019 Oct;35(5):487-513. doi: 10.1111/cla.12364. Epub 2019 Jan 7.
Since its introduction, the genus Philine has epitomized numerous mollusc snails with strong morphological convergence. Recently, a molecular analysis including a wide taxon sampling split this group into four non-sister families. Although they are especially diverse in cold and deep waters, no comprehensive studies are available for the Antarctic counterparts. Here, our morpho-anatomical and molecular data suggest major changes in the systematics of the group. From the eight known species, two are synonymized, Antarctophiline amoena with A. alata, and A. gouldi with A. gibba, and two are transferred to the genus Antarctophiline, namely A. apertissima comb.n. and A. falklandica comb.n. Two new species are described, A. easmithi sp.n. and A. amundseni sp.n. from different depths in the eastern Weddell Sea. The elusive P. antarctica from the Ross Sea was found in the Weddell Sea and Waegelea gen.n. is erected to place this species. Both phylogenetic and morphological data support the erection of Antarctophilinidae fam.n. to embrace most of the Philinoidea species described in the Southern Ocean. Only two species of Philinidae are found in Antarctic waters, Spiraphiline bathyalis gen. et sp.n. from bathyal depths in the Weddell Sea and S. kerguelensis comb.n. from the Kerguelen Islands. In light of the new data provided for all described species and the phylogenetic framework proposed herein, we briefly discuss the diversification and biogeographical patterns of Antarctic philinoid snails. Overall, antarctophilinid species seem to have restricted and grossly nonoverlapping distributions suggesting allopatric speciation connected possibly to geographical or bathymetric isolation.
自被引入以来，菲林螺属一直是众多具有强烈形态趋同现象的软体动物蜗牛的代表。最近，一项涵盖广泛分类群采样的分子分析将该类群分为四个非姐妹科。尽管它们在冷水域和深海中特别多样化，但对于南极的同类物种却没有全面的研究。在这里，我们的形态解剖学和分子数据表明该类群的系统分类发生了重大变化。在已知的八个物种中，有两个被同义化，即南极菲林螺（Antarctophiline amoena）与翼状南极菲林螺（A. alata）同义，以及古尔德氏南极菲林螺（A. gouldi）与驼背南极菲林螺（A. gibba）同义，还有两个被转移到南极菲林螺属，即新组合的开口南极菲林螺（A. apertissima comb.n.）和福克兰南极菲林螺（A. falklandica comb.n.）。描述了两个新物种，即来自威德尔海东部不同深度的伊氏南极菲林螺（A. easmithi sp.n.）和阿蒙森氏南极菲林螺（A. amundseni sp.n.）。在威德尔海发现了来自罗斯海的难以捉摸的南极菲林螺（P. antarctica），并建立了新属韦格勒螺属（Waegelea gen.n.）来安置这个物种。系统发育和形态学数据均支持建立南极菲林螺科（Antarctophilinidae fam.n.）以涵盖在南大洋描述的大多数菲林螺总科物种。在南极水域仅发现了两种菲林螺科物种，即来自威德尔海深海的深海螺旋菲林螺（Spiraphiline bathyalis gen. et sp.n.）和来自克尔格伦群岛的新组合克尔格伦螺旋菲林螺（S. kerguelensis comb.n.）。鉴于为所有已描述物种提供的新数据以及本文提出的系统发育框架，我们简要讨论了南极菲林螺类蜗牛的多样化和生物地理模式。总体而言，南极菲林螺科物种的分布似乎受到限制且大致不重叠，这表明异域物种形成可能与地理或深度隔离有关。
