School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People's Republic of China.
Department of Zoology, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Environ Monit Assess. 2021 Oct 8;193(11):708. doi: 10.1007/s10661-021-09484-2.
Air pollution is associated with several severe physical, behavioral, and psychological health risks and glitches. Air pollution has been linked to 11 million premature deaths in Pakistan, out of the total 153 million premature deaths worldwide. Air pollution is continuously growing as a threatening challenge for Pakistan. Keeping this in view, the current study was designed to assess air pollution in terms of air quality index (AQI), particulate matters (PM and PM), SO, NO, and O over six districts of Malakand division, Northern Pakistan. The second part of the study appraised the associated self-reported effects of air pollution on Pakistani students and the practices, perceptions, and awareness of the students regarding air pollution through a closed-ended questionnaire, administered to 4100 students. The first section of the questionnaire was focused on the physical effects associated with air pollution; the second section was focused on air pollution-linked behavior and psychology; the third portion was focused on perception and awareness of the subjects, whereas the final section was focused on practices and concerns of the subjects regarding air pollution. The students reported that exposure to air pollution significantly affected their physical health, behavior, and psychology. The subjects were aware of the different air pollutants and health complications associated with air pollution, and therefore had adopted preventive measures. It was concluded that air pollution had adverse impacts on the physical and psychological health of the respondents, which consequently altered their behavior. Mass awareness, proper mitigating plan, suitable management, and implementation of strict environmental laws are suggested before the air gets further polluted and becomes life-threatening.
空气污染与许多严重的生理、行为和心理健康风险和障碍有关。空气污染导致巴基斯坦 1100 万人过早死亡，占全球 1.53 亿过早死亡人数的一大部分。空气污染在巴基斯坦不断成为一个威胁性的挑战。有鉴于此，本研究旨在评估巴基斯坦马拉坎德地区六个区的空气质量指数 (AQI)、颗粒物 (PM 和 PM)、SO、NO 和 O 方面的空气污染情况。研究的第二部分评估了空气污染对巴基斯坦学生的相关自我报告影响，并通过向 4100 名学生发放封闭式问卷，评估了学生对空气污染的实践、看法和意识。问卷的第一部分侧重于与空气污染相关的身体影响；第二部分侧重于与空气污染相关的行为和心理；第三部分侧重于主体的感知和意识，而最后一部分则侧重于主体对空气污染的实践和关注。学生们报告说，暴露在空气污染中严重影响了他们的身体健康、行为和心理。研究对象了解不同的空气污染物和与空气污染相关的健康并发症，因此采取了预防措施。研究得出的结论是，空气污染对受访者的身心健康产生了不利影响，从而改变了他们的行为。建议在空气进一步污染并威胁生命之前，进行大规模宣传、制定适当的缓解计划、进行妥善管理和实施严格的环境法。
