School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
Schizophr Res. 2021 Dec;238:73-81. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.09.021. Epub 2021 Oct 5.
Childhood trauma confers risk for psychosis and is associated with increased 'schizotypy' (a multi-dimensional construct reflecting risk for psychosis in the general population). Structural brain alterations are associated with both childhood trauma and schizotypy, but the potential role of trauma exposure in moderating associations between schizotypy and brain morphology has yet to be determined.
Participants were 160 healthy individuals (mean age: 40.08 years, SD = 13.64, range 18-64; 52.5% female). Childhood trauma exposure was assessed using the Childhood Adversity Questionnaire, and schizotypy was assessed using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Univariate voxel-based morphometry and multivariate analyses of grey matter volume covariation (GMC; derived from independent component analysis) were performed to determine the main effects of schizotypy, trauma exposure and their interaction on these indices of grey matter volume. Moderation analyses were performed following significant interaction.
Levels of schizotypy, in particular the Cognitive-Perceptual and Interpersonal dimensions, were negatively associated with GMC in the striatum, the hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus, thalamus and insulae. Trauma exposure was negatively associated with GMC of the middle frontal gyrus and parietal lobule, while negatively associated with GMC in the cerebellum. Levels of schizotypy (total scores, and the cognitive-perceptual dimension) were negatively associated with striatal GMC in individuals not exposed to trauma, but not in those exposed to trauma.
Schizotypy and childhood trauma were independently associated with changes of grey matter in brain regions critical for cognition and social cognition. In individuals not exposed to trauma, increased schizotypy was associated with decreased striatal and limbic grey matter.
儿童期创伤会增加患精神病的风险，并与“精神分裂症特质”（一种反映一般人群患精神病风险的多维结构）增加有关。结构性大脑改变与儿童期创伤和精神分裂症特质都有关，但创伤暴露在调节精神分裂症特质与大脑形态之间的关联中的潜在作用尚未确定。
参与者为 160 名健康个体（平均年龄：40.08 岁，标准差=13.64 岁，范围 18-64 岁；52.5%为女性）。使用儿童期逆境问卷评估儿童期创伤暴露情况，使用精神分裂症人格问卷评估精神分裂症特质。使用单变量基于体素的形态测量学和基于独立成分分析的灰质体积协变量（GMC）的多变量分析，来确定精神分裂症特质、创伤暴露及其相互作用对这些灰质体积指标的主要影响。在显著的相互作用之后进行了调节分析。
精神分裂症特质水平，特别是认知知觉和人际关系维度，与纹状体、海马/海马旁回、丘脑和脑岛的 GMC 呈负相关。创伤暴露与额中回和顶叶的 GMC 呈负相关，与小脑的 GMC 呈负相关。在未暴露于创伤的个体中，精神分裂症特质水平（总分和认知知觉维度）与纹状体的 GMC 呈负相关，但在暴露于创伤的个体中则无此相关性。
精神分裂症特质和儿童期创伤与大脑中对认知和社会认知至关重要的区域的灰质变化独立相关。在未暴露于创伤的个体中，精神分裂症特质的增加与纹状体和边缘系统灰质的减少有关。
