Adjibade Moufidath, Davisse-Paturet Camille, Bernard Jonathan Y, Adel-Patient Karine, Divaret-Chauveau Amandine, Lioret Sandrine, Charles Marie-Aline, de Lauzon-Guillain Blandine
Université de Paris, CRESS, Inserm, INRAE, Paris, France.
Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
Allergy. 2022 May;77(5):1522-1533. doi: 10.1111/all.15137. Epub 2021 Oct 26.
The new European regulations require the enrichment of formulas with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) because of the positive effects of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) on neurodevelopment and visual acuity. In this observational study, we aimed to evaluate whether the consumption of LCPUFA-enriched formula was associated with the risk of infection and allergy in early childhood.
Analyses involved data from 8389 formula-fed infants from the ELFE birth cohort. Formula enrichment was identified from the list of ingredients of the formula consumed at 2 months. Infections (gastrointestinal, lower respiratory tract [LRTI], upper respiratory tract) and allergies (wheezing, itchy rash, asthma medication, food allergy) from age 2 months to 5.5 years were reported by parents during follow-up surveys. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess associations between the consumption of LCPUFA-enriched formula and the risk of infection and allergy.
Among formula-fed infants at 2 months, 36% consumed formula enriched with DHA and arachidonic acid (ARA), and 11% consumed formula additionally enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Enriched formula consumption was not associated with infection or allergy, except for an association between consumption of DHA/ARA/EPA-enriched formula and lower use of asthma medications. Furthermore, as compared with non-DHA/ARA/EPA-enriched formula, consumption of formula with high EPA content (≥3.2 mg/100 kcal) was related to lower risk of LRTI and lower use of asthma medications.
This study suggests that consumption of DHA/ARA/EPA-enriched formula (especially those with high EPA content) is associated with a lower risk of LRTI and lower use of asthma medications.
由于长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCPUFAs）对神经发育和视力有积极影响，欧洲新法规要求在配方奶中添加二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）。在这项观察性研究中，我们旨在评估食用富含LCPUFAs的配方奶是否与幼儿感染和过敏风险相关。
分析涉及来自ELFE出生队列的8389名配方奶喂养婴儿的数据。通过2个月时食用的配方奶成分列表确定配方奶的强化情况。在随访调查中，父母报告了婴儿从2个月到5.5岁期间的感染（胃肠道、下呼吸道[LRTI]、上呼吸道）和过敏（喘息、皮疹瘙痒、哮喘用药、食物过敏）情况。使用多变量逻辑回归模型评估食用富含LCPUFAs的配方奶与感染和过敏风险之间的关联。
在2个月大的配方奶喂养婴儿中，36%食用了富含DHA和花生四烯酸（ARA）的配方奶，11%食用了额外富含二十碳五烯酸（EPA）的配方奶。除了食用富含DHA/ARA/EPA的配方奶与哮喘用药次数减少之间存在关联外，食用强化配方奶与感染或过敏无关。此外，与未添加DHA/ARA/EPA的配方奶相比，食用EPA含量高（≥3.2毫克/100千卡）的配方奶与LRTI风险降低和哮喘用药次数减少有关。
这项研究表明，食用富含DHA/ARA/EPA的配方奶（尤其是EPA含量高的配方奶）与LRTI风险降低和哮喘用药次数减少有关。
