Chang Ming, Zhu Dan, Chen Yanjiang, Zhang Weiquan, Liu Xi, Li Xiao-Lan, Cheng Zhiping, Su Zhiheng, Zhang Jian, Lu Yi, Guo Hongwei
Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
Front Pharmacol. 2021 Sep 23;12:758219. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.758219. eCollection 2021.
Litchi seeds have been traditionally used in Chinese herbal formula for urologic neoplasms including prostate cancer (PCa). However, the effective components of Litchi seeds and the mechanisms of their actions on PCa cell growth and metastasis remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects and molecular mechanisms of the Total Flavonoid of Litchi Seed (TFLS) in PCa PC3 and DU145 cell lines. We found that TFLS significantly inhibited the PCa cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and prevented cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, we observed that TFLS upregulated the expression of epithelial biomarker E-cadherin and downregulated mesenchymal biomarker Vimentin. TFLS also increased the expression of cleaved-PRAP and Bax, and decreased the expression of Bcl-2 in both PC3 and DU145 cells. Besides, TFLS inhibited AKT signaling pathway by reducing the phosphorylation of AKT and activities of downstream signal transducers including mTOR, IκBα and NF-kB. Finally, TFLS treated mice exhibited a significant decrease in tumor size without toxicity in major organs . These results indicated that TFLS could suppress PCa cell growth and inhibit PCa cell proliferation and metastasis through induction of apoptosis and phenotypic reversal of EMT, which may be achieved by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways. Taken together, our data provide new insights into the role of TFLS as a novel potent anti-cancer agent for the treatment of PCa.
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