Harr Mica R, Mansfield Cody J, Urbach Bailey, Briggs Matt, Onate James, Boucher Laura C
The Ohio State University.
School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University; Sports Medicine; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center.
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2021 Oct 1;16(5):1235-1249. doi: 10.26603/001c.28231. eCollection 2021.
Shooting sports are included in collegiate and Olympic events. However, there is minimal evidence examining injury prevalence and incidence for these athletes.
HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature to examine the available evidence regarding the incidence, prevalence, and types of injuries that affect athletes in Olympic-style shooting events.
Systematic review.
The electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Cinahl, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus were searched utilizing terms related to shooting and injuries. Studies were included if they reported prevalence or incidence of injury in collegiate or Olympic shooting events, and were excluded if inclusion criteria were not met, full text was unavailable, or not in English. Two reviewers independently screened articles in two phases: 1) screening of titles/abstracts 2) full text review. A third reviewer resolved conflicts.
Nineteen studies were ultimately included. The sports identified were biathlon, rifle, pistol, and shotgun. Shooting events in both winter and summer Olympics had low percentages of injuries compared to other sports. Winter shooting events had a higher percentage of injuries (6.9%) compared to summer (2.3%). In summer, females demonstrated a higher percentage of injuries (6.9%) compared to males (1.7%). In winter, males had a higher percentage of injuries (8.6%) versus females (5.1%).
Injury incidence and prevalence was low for athletes in shooting sports in the Olympics. Injury rate was higher in the winter Olympic shooting events likely from increased physiological demand. With injury surveillance focusing on acute injuries rather than chronic, the number of injuries may be underestimated. Females had higher injury rates than males in the summer Olympics while the opposite was observed in the winter Olympics, likely from sex differences and differences in physiological demand for each event.
Level 3.
射击运动被纳入大学体育赛事和奥运会项目。然而，关于这些运动员的损伤患病率和发病率的研究证据极少。
假设/目的：本研究的目的是系统回顾文献，以审查有关影响奥运会射击项目运动员的损伤发病率、患病率及类型的现有证据。
系统回顾。
利用与射击和损伤相关的术语检索电子数据库PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、CINAHL、MEDLINE和SPORTDiscus。如果研究报告了大学或奥运会射击项目的损伤患病率或发病率，则纳入研究；如果不符合纳入标准、无法获取全文或不是英文的，则排除研究。两名评审员分两个阶段独立筛选文章：1）标题/摘要筛选；2）全文评审。第三名评审员解决分歧。
最终纳入19项研究。确定的运动项目有冬季两项、步枪、手枪和霰弹枪。与其他运动相比，冬奥会和夏奥会的射击项目损伤百分比都较低。冬季射击项目的损伤百分比（6.9%）高于夏季（2.3%）。在夏季，女性的损伤百分比（6.9%）高于男性（1.7%）。在冬季，男性的损伤百分比（8.6%）高于女性（5.1%）。
奥运会射击项目运动员的损伤发病率和患病率较低。冬季奥运会射击项目的损伤率可能因生理需求增加而较高。由于损伤监测侧重于急性损伤而非慢性损伤，损伤数量可能被低估。在夏季奥运会中女性的损伤率高于男性，而在冬季奥运会中则相反，这可能是由于性别差异以及每个项目生理需求的不同。
3级。
