Al-Muraikhy Shamma, Ramanjaneya Manjunath, Dömling Alexander S, Bettahi Ilham, Donati Francesco, Botre Francesco, Abou-Samra Abdul-Badi, Sellami Maha, Elrayess Mohamed A
Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Front Mol Biosci. 2021 Sep 23;8:715035. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.715035. eCollection 2021.
Aerobic exercise activates the complement system in the peripheral blood. However, the effect of age and high intensity endurance training on the levels of circulating complements and sassociated inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers and cellular aging remains unknown. In this study, serum samples from 79 elite athletes who belong to high ( = 48) and low/moderate ( = 31) endurance sports and two age groups (below 30 years old, n = 53, and above 30 years old, = 26) were profiled for 14 complements. Linear models were used to assess differences in complements levels between sport and age groups. Spearmann's correlation was used to assess the relationship among detected complements and proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers and telomere lengths. High endurance elite athletes exhibited significantly lower levels of circulating C2, C3b/iC3b and adipsin complements than their age-matched low/moderate endurance counterparts. Levels of C2, adipsin and C3b/iC3b were positively correlated with most detected complements, the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-22 and the anti-oxidant enzyme catalase. However, they were negatively correlated with telomere length only in younger elite athletes regardless of their sport groups. Furthermore, high endurance elite athletes showed significantly lower concentrations of C3b/iC3b, C4b, C5, C5a, C1q, C3, C4, factor H and properdin in younger athletes compared to their older counterparts. Our novel data suggest that high endurance elite athletes exhibit age-independent lower levels of circulating C2, C3b/iC3b and adipsin, associated with lower inflammatory, oxidative stress and cellular aging, as well as lower levels of 10 other complements in younger athletes compared to older counterparts. Assessing the effect of various levels of endurance sports on complements-based immune response provides a better understanding of exercise physiology and pathophysiology of elite athletes.
有氧运动可激活外周血中的补体系统。然而，年龄和高强度耐力训练对循环补体水平、相关炎性细胞因子、氧化应激标志物及细胞衰老的影响尚不清楚。在本研究中，对79名精英运动员的血清样本进行了14种补体分析，这些运动员分属高耐力运动项目组（n = 48）和低/中等耐力运动项目组（n = 31），且分为两个年龄组（30岁以下，n = 53；30岁以上，n = 26）。采用线性模型评估运动项目组和年龄组之间补体水平的差异。采用斯皮尔曼相关性分析评估所检测的补体与促炎细胞因子、氧化应激标志物及端粒长度之间的关系。高耐力精英运动员的循环C2、C3b/iC3b和脂联素补体水平显著低于与其年龄匹配的低/中等耐力运动员。C2、脂联素和C3b/iC3b水平与大多数检测到的补体、促炎细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子-α和白细胞介素-22以及抗氧化酶过氧化氢酶呈正相关。然而，仅在年轻的精英运动员中，无论其所属运动项目组如何，它们与端粒长度呈负相关。此外，与年长运动员相比，年轻的高耐力精英运动员的C3b/iC3b、C4b、C5、C5a、C1q、C3、C4、H因子和备解素浓度显著更低。我们的新数据表明，高耐力精英运动员的循环C2、C3b/iC3b和脂联素水平较低，且与年龄无关，这与较低的炎症反应、氧化应激和细胞衰老相关，并且与年长运动员相比，年轻运动员的其他10种补体水平也较低。评估不同水平的耐力运动对基于补体的免疫反应的影响，有助于更好地理解精英运动员的运动生理学和病理生理学。
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