将换位思考视为解决问题能让我们学到什么？
What Can We Learn by Treating Perspective Taking as Problem Solving?
作者信息
Taylor Tokiko, Edwards Timothy L
机构信息
School of Psychology, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, 3240 New Zealand.
出版信息
Perspect Behav Sci. 2021 Aug 2;44(2-3):359-387. doi: 10.1007/s40614-021-00307-w. eCollection 2021 Sep.
Perspective taking has been studied extensively using a wide variety of experimental tasks. The theoretical constructs that are used to develop these tasks and interpret the results obtained from them, most notably theory of mind (ToM), have conceptual shortcomings from a behavior-analytic perspective. The behavioral approach to conceptualizing and studying this class of behavior is parsimonious and pragmatic, but the body of relevant research is currently small. The prominent relational frame theory (RFT) approach to derived perspective taking asserts that "deictic framing" is a core component of this class of behavior, but this proposal also appears to be conceptually problematic. We suggest that in many cases perspective taking is problem solving; when successful, both classes of behavior involve the emission of context-appropriate precurrent behavior that facilitates the appropriate response (i.e., the "solution"). Conceptualizing perspective taking in this way appears to have many advantages, which we explore herein.
人们使用各种各样的实验任务对观点采择进行了广泛研究。用于开发这些任务并解释从中获得的结果的理论结构，最显著的是心理理论（ToM），从行为分析的角度来看存在概念上的缺陷。将这类行为概念化并进行研究的行为方法简洁实用，但相关研究目前较少。派生观点采择的突出的关系框架理论（RFT）方法认为“指示性框架”是这类行为的核心组成部分，但这一观点在概念上似乎也存在问题。我们认为，在许多情况下，观点采择就是解决问题；成功时，这两类行为都涉及发出适合情境的先行行为，从而促进做出适当反应（即“解决方案”）。以这种方式将观点采择概念化似乎有许多优点，我们将在本文中进行探讨。
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