Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA.
Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2021 Oct;17(10):1199-1210. doi: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1991308.
As the global population ages at an unprecedented rate, the burden of neurodegenerative diseases is expected to grow. Given the profound impact illness like dementia exert on individuals and society writ large, researchers, physicians, and scientific organizations have called for increased investigation into their treatment and prevention. Both metformin and aspirin have been associated with improved cognitive outcomes. These agents are related in their ability to stimulate AMP kinase (AMPK). Momordica charantia, another AMPK activator, is a component of traditional medicines and a novel agent for the treatment of cancer. It is also being evaluated as a nootropic agent.
This article is a comprehensive review which examines the role of AMPK activation in neuroprotection and the role that AMPK activators may have in the management of dementia and cognitive impairment. It evaluates the interaction of metformin, aspirin, and Momordica charantia, with AMPK, and reviews the literature characterizing these agents' impact on neurodegeneration.
We suggest that AMPK activators should be considered for the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. We identify multiple areas of future investigation which may have a profound impact on patients worldwide.
随着全球人口以前所未有的速度老龄化，预计神经退行性疾病的负担将会增加。鉴于痴呆等疾病对个人和整个社会的深远影响，研究人员、医生和科学组织呼吁加大对其治疗和预防的研究力度。二甲双胍和阿司匹林都与认知结果的改善有关。这两种药物都能激活 AMP 激酶（AMPK）。苦瓜，另一种 AMPK 激活剂，是传统药物的成分，也是治疗癌症的新药物。它也被评估为益智药。
本文是一篇全面的综述，探讨了 AMPK 激活在神经保护中的作用，以及 AMPK 激活剂在痴呆和认知障碍管理中的可能作用。它评估了二甲双胍、阿司匹林和苦瓜与 AMPK 的相互作用，并回顾了描述这些药物对神经退行性变影响的文献。
我们建议考虑使用 AMPK 激活剂来治疗和预防神经退行性疾病。我们确定了多个未来的研究领域，这些领域可能会对全球患者产生深远的影响。
