Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2022 Jan 5;207:114407. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114407. Epub 2021 Oct 4.
In this article, the scientific literature on electromembrane extraction (EME) of polar substances (log P < 2) is reviewed. EME is an extraction technique based on electrokinetic migration of analyte ions from an aqueous sample, across an organic supported liquid membrane (SLM), and into an aqueous acceptor solution. Because extraction is based on voltage-assisted partitioning, EME is fundamentally suitable for extraction of polar and ionizable substances that are challenging in many other extraction techniques. The article provides an exhaustive overview of papers on EME of polar substances. From this, different strategies to improve the mass transfer of polar substances are reviewed and critically discussed. These strategies include different SLM chemistries, modification of supporting membranes, sorbent additives, aqueous solution chemistry, and voltage/current related strategies. Finally, the future applicability of EME for polar substances is discussed. We expect EME in the coming years to be developed towards both very selective targeted analysis, as well as untargeted analysis of polar substances in biomedical applications such as metabolomics and peptidomics.
本文综述了关于电迁移萃取（EME）萃取极性物质（log P < 2）的科学文献。EME 是一种基于分析物离子从水相样品经有机支撑液膜（SLM）电迁移到水相接受溶液的萃取技术。由于萃取是基于电压辅助分配的，因此 EME 从根本上适合于萃取许多其他萃取技术难以萃取的极性和可离子化物质。本文对有关极性物质 EME 的论文进行了全面综述。在此基础上，对提高极性物质传质的不同策略进行了综述和批判性讨论。这些策略包括不同的 SLM 化学、支撑膜的改性、吸附剂添加剂、水溶液化学以及与电压/电流相关的策略。最后，还讨论了 EME 对极性物质的未来适用性。我们预计，在未来几年，EME 将朝着针对极性物质的非常选择性的靶向分析，以及针对代谢组学和肽组学等生物医学应用中极性物质的非靶向分析方向发展。
