Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany.
Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2022 Apr;44:146-150. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.09.004. Epub 2021 Sep 13.
Moral courage, that is, defending moral beliefs despite personal risks, is often seen as a hallmark of prosocial behavior. We argue that prosociality in moral courage is, however, complex. While its prosociality is often evident at a higher societal level, it can be contested in some aspects of morally courageous acts. We review the literature on two such aspects and highlight that differences and conflicts in moral beliefs, as well as the confrontational nature of many morally courageous acts, call into question prosociality. We recommend that future research takes the complexity of prosociality in moral courage into account to obtain a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the psychological underpinnings of moral courage and its contributions to the functioning of societies.
道德勇气，即不顾个人风险捍卫道德信念，通常被视为亲社会行为的标志。我们认为，道德勇气中的亲社会性是复杂的。虽然它的亲社会性在更高的社会层面上通常是显而易见的，但在某些方面，道德勇气行为可能存在争议。我们回顾了关于这两个方面的文献，并强调道德信念的差异和冲突，以及许多道德勇气行为的对抗性质，对亲社会性提出了质疑。我们建议未来的研究考虑道德勇气中亲社会性的复杂性，以全面而细致地理解道德勇气的心理基础及其对社会运作的贡献。
