Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Belgium.
Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Belgium.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Jan 1;292(Pt A):118333. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118333. Epub 2021 Oct 9.
While interactions with global warming and multigenerational effects are considered crucial to improve risk assessment of pesticides, these have rarely been studied in an integrated way. While heat extremes can magnify pesticide toxicity, no studies tested how their combined effects may transmit to the next generation. We exposed mosquito larvae in a full factorial, two-generation experiment to a heat spike followed by chlorpyrifos exposure. As expected, the heat spike magnified the chlorpyrifos-induced lethal and sublethal effects within both generations. Only when preceded by the heat spike, chlorpyrifos increased mortality and reduced the population growth rate. Moreover, chlorpyrifos-induced reductions in heat tolerance (CTmax), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and development time were further magnified by the heat spike. Notably, when parents were exposed to chlorpyrifos, the chlorpyrifos-induced lethal and sublethal effects in the offspring were smaller, indicating increased tolerance to chlorpyrifos. In contrast, there was no such multigenerational effect for the heat spike. Despite the adaptive multigenerational effect to the pesticide, the synergism with the heat spike was still present in the offspring generation. Generally, our results provide important evidence that short exposure to pulse-like global change stressors can strongly affect organisms within and across generations, and highlight the importance of considering multigenerational effects in risk assessment.
虽然与全球变暖的相互作用和多代效应被认为是改进农药风险评估的关键，但这些因素很少以综合的方式进行研究。虽然极端高温会放大农药毒性，但没有研究测试它们的联合效应如何传递到下一代。我们在一个完全因子、两代实验中，让蚊子幼虫暴露于热冲击后再接触氯吡硫磷。正如预期的那样，热冲击放大了两代中氯吡硫磷引起的致死和亚致死效应。只有在热冲击之前，氯吡硫磷才会增加死亡率并降低种群增长率。此外，热冲击进一步放大了氯吡硫磷引起的耐热性（CTmax）、乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性和发育时间的降低。值得注意的是，当父母接触到氯吡硫磷时，后代中氯吡硫磷引起的致死和亚致死效应较小，表明对氯吡硫磷的耐受性增加。相比之下，热冲击没有这种多代效应。尽管对杀虫剂有适应性的多代效应，但热冲击的协同作用在后代中仍然存在。总的来说，我们的结果提供了重要证据，表明短暂暴露于类脉冲式全球变化胁迫因子会强烈影响个体及其后代，这凸显了在风险评估中考虑多代效应的重要性。
