Katibi Kamil Kayode, Yunos Khairul Faezah, Che Man Hasfalina, Aris Ahmad Zaharin, Mohd Nor Mohd Zuhair, Azis Rabaah Syahidah, Umar Abba Mohammed
Department of Food and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Kwara State University, Malete 23431, Nigeria.
Polymers (Basel). 2021 Sep 23;13(19):3229. doi: 10.3390/polym13193229.
Over the years, the persistent occurrence of superfluous endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) (sub µg L) in water has led to serious health disorders in human and aquatic lives, as well as undermined the water quality. At present, there are no generally accepted regulatory discharge limits for the EDCs to avert their possible negative impacts. Moreover, the conventional treatment processes have reportedly failed to remove the persistent EDC pollutants, and this has led researchers to develop alternative treatment methods. Comprehensive information on the recent advances in the existing novel treatment processes and their peculiar limitations is still lacking. In this regard, the various treatment methods for the removal of EDCs are critically studied and reported in this paper. Initially, the occurrences of the EDCs and their attributed effects on humans, aquatic life, and wildlife are systematically reviewed, as well as the applied treatments. The most noticeable advances in the treatment methods include adsorption, catalytic degradation, ozonation, membrane separation, and advanced oxidation processes (AOP), as well as hybrid processes. The recent advances in the treatment technologies available for the elimination of EDCs from various water resources alongside with their associated drawbacks are discussed critically. Besides, the application of hybrid adsorption-membrane treatment using several novel nano-precursors is carefully reviewed. The operating factors influencing the EDCs' remediations via adsorption is also briefly examined. Interestingly, research findings have indicated that some of the contemporary techniques could achieve more than 99% EDCs removal.
多年来，水中持续存在的微量内分泌干扰化合物（EDCs）（微克/升级别）已导致人类和水生生物出现严重健康问题，并破坏了水质。目前，对于EDCs尚无普遍认可的监管排放限值来避免其可能产生的负面影响。此外，据报道传统处理工艺无法去除持久性EDC污染物，这促使研究人员开发替代处理方法。然而，目前仍缺乏关于现有新型处理工艺最新进展及其特殊局限性的全面信息。在这方面，本文对去除EDCs的各种处理方法进行了批判性研究并予以报道。首先，系统回顾了EDCs的存在情况及其对人类、水生生物和野生动物的影响，以及已应用的处理方法。处理方法中最显著的进展包括吸附、催化降解、臭氧化、膜分离、高级氧化工艺（AOP）以及混合工艺。本文批判性地讨论了可用于从各种水资源中去除EDCs的处理技术的最新进展及其相关缺点。此外，还仔细回顾了使用几种新型纳米前驱体的混合吸附 - 膜处理的应用。还简要研究了影响通过吸附去除EDCs的操作因素。有趣的是，研究结果表明一些当代技术能够实现超过99%的EDCs去除率。
