Budiman Arief Suriadi, Sahay Rahul, Agarwal Komal, Illya Gregoria, Widjaja Ryo Geoffrey, Baji Avinash, Raghavan Nagarajan
Industrial Engineering Department, BINUS Graduate Program-Master of Industrial Engineering, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta 11480, Indonesia.
Xtreme Materials Lab, Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore 487372, Singapore.
Polymers (Basel). 2021 Sep 28;13(19):3315. doi: 10.3390/polym13193315.
Lightweight photovoltaics (PV) modules are important for certain segments of the renewable energy markets-such as exhibition halls, factories, supermarkets, farms, etc. However, lightweight silicon-based PV modules have their own set of technical challenges or concerns. One of them, which is the subject of this paper, is the lack of impact resistance, especially against hailstorms in deep winter in countries with four seasons. Even if the front sheet can be made sufficiently strong and impact-resistant, the silicon cells inside remain fragile and very prone to impact loading. This leads to cracks that significantly degrade performance (output power) over time. A 3D helicoidally architected fiber-based polymer composite has recently been found to exhibit excellent impact resistance, inspired by the multi-hierarchical internal structures of the mantis shrimp's dactyl clubs. In previous work, our group demonstrated that via electrospinning-based additive manufacturing methodologies, weak polymer material constituents could be made to exhibit significantly improved toughness and impact properties. In this study, we demonstrate the use of 3D architected fiber-based polymer composites to protect the silicon solar cells by absorbing impact energy. The absorbed energy is equivalent to the energy that would impact the solar cells during hailstorms. We have shown that silicon cells placed under such 3D architected polymer layers break at substantially higher impact load/energy (compared to those placed under standard PV encapsulation polymer material). This could lead to the development of novel PV encapsulant materials for the next generation of lightweight PV modules and technology with excellent impact resistance.
轻质光伏(PV)组件对于可再生能源市场的某些细分领域很重要,如展览馆、工厂、超市、农场等。然而,轻质硅基光伏组件有其自身的一系列技术挑战或问题。其中之一,也是本文的主题,是缺乏抗冲击性,特别是在四季分明的国家,深冬遭遇冰雹时。即使前板能够做得足够坚固且抗冲击,但内部的硅电池仍然很脆弱,极易受到冲击载荷影响。这会导致出现裂纹,随着时间推移显著降低性能(输出功率)。最近发现,受螳螂虾指节棒的多级内部结构启发,一种基于三维螺旋结构纤维的聚合物复合材料具有出色的抗冲击性。在之前的工作中,我们团队证明,通过基于静电纺丝的增材制造方法,可使弱聚合物材料成分展现出显著改善的韧性和抗冲击性能。在本研究中,我们展示了使用基于三维结构纤维的聚合物复合材料通过吸收冲击能量来保护硅太阳能电池。吸收的能量相当于冰雹风暴期间冲击太阳能电池的能量。我们已经表明,置于这种三维结构聚合物层之下的硅电池在显著更高的冲击载荷/能量下才会破裂(与置于标准光伏封装聚合物材料之下的硅电池相比)。这可能会推动为下一代具有出色抗冲击性的轻质光伏组件和技术开发新型光伏封装材料。